{ "dataset_title": "Mobile Home Title Surrender Requirements by State (2026)", "publisher": "Myrtle Beach Mobile Home Removal Research", "publisher_identity": "Myrtle Beach Mobile Home Removal Research is the independent research and reference section of MyrtleBeachMobileHomeRemoval.com.", "version": "2026-07-25", "last_verified": "July 25, 2026", "geographic_coverage": "50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia", "row_count": 51, "field_count": 27, "method_summary": "One normalized record per jurisdiction, checked against the current official state source or sources identified in each row. State terminology is preserved, current law is separated from enacted future law, and absent fees or deadlines are not inferred.", "normalized_pathway_counts": { "Formal statewide surrender/cancellation/retirement/elimination pathway": 39, "Functional real-property pathway without literal title surrender": 4, "No dedicated operative statewide pathway identified": 4, "Limited or county-dependent pathway": 2, "Automatic/no-title real-property treatment": 1, "Enacted formal pathway not yet effective": 1 }, "rows": [ { "dataset_version": "2026-07-25", "jurisdiction_abbr": "AL", "jurisdiction": "Alabama", "operative_status_as_of_2026_07_25": "Operative formal cancellation pathway", "pathway_category": "Formal statewide title/MCO cancellation", "state_term_or_document": "Certificate of Cancellation; Notice of Cancellation (MVT 5-39E)", "title_or_ownership_document_action": "Original certificate of title or MCO is submitted through an Alabama Department of Revenue designated agent and canceled; the resulting certificate of cancellation is recorded in county probate records.", "land_or_lease_eligibility": "Home and land ownership interests must align; the home must be permanently affixed and recorded as real property.", "state_agency": "Alabama Department of Revenue, Motor Vehicle Division", "local_recording_or_approval_office": "Judge of probate / county probate office", "main_forms_or_documents": "MVT 5-39E; MVT 5-1E; original title or MCO; lien release; ownership/affixation affidavit", "key_prerequisites": "Permanent affixation; signatures of all owners of the home and realty; probate verification; lien release or other permitted lien documentation.", "published_state_fee": "$20 per manufactured-home unit for each title-cancellation application under the current Alabama Department of Revenue fee page.", "published_local_fee": "Local recording, certification, inspection, tax, and related charges are not included unless an official amount is stated in this row.", "filing_deadline_or_timing_rule": "Form MVT 5-39E is valid for 90 days under Ala. Admin. Code r. 810-5-75-.66.", "legal_effect_after_completion": "The manufactured home is documented as real property and thereafter handled with the land for real-property lien purposes.", "severance_reversal_or_new_title": "If a canceled home is later detached, Ala. Code § 32-20-20(c) requires the current owner to apply for a new certificate of title, post the required bond, and pay the applicable fee for each unit.", "pending_or_recent_change": "No enacted future change is incorporated into this dataset row as of July 25, 2026.", "primary_authority": "Ala. Code § 32-20-20; Ala. Admin. Code r. 810-5-75-.66", "official_primary_source_url": "https://admincode.legislature.state.al.us/administrative-code/810-5-75-.66", "additional_official_source_url": "https://www.revenue.alabama.gov/tax-types/manufactured-home-title-and-cancellation-fee/", "baseline_synthesis_source_url": "https://singlefamily.fanniemae.com/media/document/pdf/titling-requirements-manufactured-homes", "evidence_tier": "✓", "research_date": "2026-07-25", "verification_note": "Checked against the current official state source(s) listed in this row on 2026-07-25. The row does not infer a fee, deadline, or reversal route that the reviewed source does not publish.", "normalized_pathway_class": "Formal statewide surrender/cancellation/retirement/elimination pathway", "publish_readiness": "Publishable as of 2026-07-25" }, { "dataset_version": "2026-07-25", "jurisdiction_abbr": "AK", "jurisdiction": "Alaska", "operative_status_as_of_2026_07_25": "Operative formal cancellation pathway", "pathway_category": "Formal statewide title/MCO cancellation", "state_term_or_document": "Application for Manufactured Home / state affixation affidavit (DMV Form 870)", "title_or_ownership_document_action": "The title or MCO and a certified recorded affixation affidavit are delivered to DMV for cancellation and a written acknowledgment.", "land_or_lease_eligibility": "Owner may own the land or hold a lease with at least 20 years remaining after execution of the affidavit, with lessor consent.", "state_agency": "Alaska Division of Motor Vehicles", "local_recording_or_approval_office": "District recorder for the recording district where the land is located", "main_forms_or_documents": "DMV Form 870; state affixation affidavit; original title/MCO; lien releases; lessor consent when applicable", "key_prerequisites": "Permanent affixation or intent to permanently affix; clear liens; recorded affidavit; certified copy returned to DMV.", "published_state_fee": "$100 title fee; a $15 lien fee applies when a lien is recorded, under current Alaska Form 870.", "published_local_fee": "Local recording, certification, inspection, tax, and related charges are not included unless an official amount is stated in this row.", "filing_deadline_or_timing_rule": "The official statewide conversion source reviewed for this version does not impose one universal day-count for the complete transaction.", "legal_effect_after_completion": "After DMV cancellation, the home leaves the motor-vehicle title chapter and is governed by real-property law.", "severance_reversal_or_new_title": "Alaska law provides a recorded severance process and return to title treatment after the required documents are filed with the recorder and DMV.", "pending_or_recent_change": "No enacted future change is incorporated into this dataset row as of July 25, 2026.", "primary_authority": "Alaska Stat. §§ 28.10.262-.266; 34.85.010-.090; 40.17.125", "official_primary_source_url": "https://dmv.alaska.gov/media/oy3fhzyv/870.pdf", "additional_official_source_url": "https://www.akleg.gov/basis/statutes.asp#34.85", "baseline_synthesis_source_url": "https://singlefamily.fanniemae.com/media/document/pdf/titling-requirements-manufactured-homes", "evidence_tier": "✓", "research_date": "2026-07-25", "verification_note": "Checked against the current official state source(s) listed in this row on 2026-07-25. The row does not infer a fee, deadline, or reversal route that the reviewed source does not publish.", "normalized_pathway_class": "Formal statewide surrender/cancellation/retirement/elimination pathway", "publish_readiness": "Publishable as of 2026-07-25" }, { "dataset_version": "2026-07-25", "jurisdiction_abbr": "AZ", "jurisdiction": "Arizona", "operative_status_as_of_2026_07_25": "Operative formal surrender pathway", "pathway_category": "Formal statewide title/MCO surrender and county affixture recording", "state_term_or_document": "Affidavit of Affixture (DOR Form 82528)", "title_or_ownership_document_action": "The owner surrenders the original title or MCO to MVD, receives a surrender receipt, and records the receipt with the Affidavit of Affixture in the county land records.", "land_or_lease_eligibility": "Land ownership qualifies; a mobile-home-park lease can qualify when its primary term is at least 20 years, the lease permits affixture, and a memorandum of lease is recorded.", "state_agency": "Arizona Department of Transportation, Motor Vehicle Division", "local_recording_or_approval_office": "County recorder and county assessor", "main_forms_or_documents": "Affidavit of Affixture (DOR 82528); surrender receipt; title/MCO; tax clearance; lien releases; memorandum of lease when applicable", "key_prerequisites": "Permanent installation; wheels and axles removed for the leasehold route; tax status/clearance; lien resolution; land or qualifying lease interest.", "published_state_fee": "The official Arizona affixture sources reviewed for this version do not state a conversion-specific surrender fee; general title, county recording, tax, and document charges may still apply.", "published_local_fee": "Local recording, certification, inspection, tax, and related charges are not included unless an official amount is stated in this row.", "filing_deadline_or_timing_rule": "The official statewide conversion source reviewed for this version does not impose one universal day-count for the complete transaction.", "legal_effect_after_completion": "The recorded home may be conveyed, encumbered, and taxed with the real property under the statutory election.", "severance_reversal_or_new_title": "Arizona provides a restoration process after removal, coordinated through the county and Motor Vehicle Division.", "pending_or_recent_change": "No enacted future change is incorporated into this dataset row as of July 25, 2026.", "primary_authority": "Ariz. Rev. Stat. §§ 28-2063, 42-15203, 33-1501", "official_primary_source_url": "https://www.azleg.gov/ars/28/02063.htm", "additional_official_source_url": "https://azdor.gov/forms/property-forms/affidavit-affixture", "baseline_synthesis_source_url": "https://singlefamily.fanniemae.com/media/document/pdf/titling-requirements-manufactured-homes", "evidence_tier": "✓", "research_date": "2026-07-25", "verification_note": "Checked against the current official state source(s) listed in this row on 2026-07-25. The row does not infer a fee, deadline, or reversal route that the reviewed source does not publish.", "normalized_pathway_class": "Formal statewide surrender/cancellation/retirement/elimination pathway", "publish_readiness": "Publishable as of 2026-07-25" }, { "dataset_version": "2026-07-25", "jurisdiction_abbr": "AR", "jurisdiction": "Arkansas", "operative_status_as_of_2026_07_25": "Operative formal cancellation pathway; cancellation is elective under state law", "pathway_category": "Formal statewide title/MCO cancellation", "state_term_or_document": "Application for Cancellation of Title (DFA Form 10-318) and recorded affidavit of affixation", "title_or_ownership_document_action": "DFA cancels the title or MCO after receiving Form 10-318, the original ownership document, and a copy of the county-recorded affidavit of affixation.", "land_or_lease_eligibility": "The affidavit may be executed by the landowner or by a person authorized by the landowner; the home must be or will be permanently affixed to the described real estate.", "state_agency": "Arkansas Department of Finance and Administration, Office of Motor Vehicle", "local_recording_or_approval_office": "County recorder where the home is or will be affixed", "main_forms_or_documents": "Form 10-318; affidavit of affixation; title/MCO; lien releases or commitments; owner and secured-party consents", "key_prerequisites": "Permanent affixation; execution by the landowner or an authorized person; complete home and real-estate descriptions; title or MCO submission; lien release or statutory lien commitment.", "published_state_fee": "The official statewide conversion source reviewed for this version does not state a single conversion fee; title, recording, tax, inspection, or document charges may still apply.", "published_local_fee": "Local recording, certification, inspection, tax, and related charges are not included unless an official amount is stated in this row.", "filing_deadline_or_timing_rule": "The official statewide conversion source reviewed for this version does not impose one universal day-count for the complete transaction.", "legal_effect_after_completion": "After cancellation, liens in the home are handled through the real-property system rather than the certificate-of-title system.", "severance_reversal_or_new_title": "Ark. Code § 27-14-1604 provides a new-title route after a converted home is severed from the real estate.", "pending_or_recent_change": "No enacted future change is incorporated into this dataset row as of July 25, 2026.", "primary_authority": "Ark. Code §§ 27-14-1603, 27-14-1604; Act 592 of 2013", "official_primary_source_url": "https://www.dfa.arkansas.gov/office/motor-vehicle/motor-vehicle-forms/", "additional_official_source_url": "https://arkleg.state.ar.us/Acts/FTPDocument?ddBienniumSession=2013%2F2013R&file=592.pdf&path=%2FACTS%2F2013%2FPublic%2F", "baseline_synthesis_source_url": "https://singlefamily.fanniemae.com/media/document/pdf/titling-requirements-manufactured-homes", "evidence_tier": "✓", "research_date": "2026-07-25", "verification_note": "Checked against the current official state source(s) listed in this row on 2026-07-25. The row does not infer a fee, deadline, or reversal route that the reviewed source does not publish.", "normalized_pathway_class": "Formal statewide surrender/cancellation/retirement/elimination pathway", "publish_readiness": "Publishable as of 2026-07-25" }, { "dataset_version": "2026-07-25", "jurisdiction_abbr": "CA", "jurisdiction": "California", "operative_status_as_of_2026_07_25": "Operative formal title surrender/registration cancellation pathway", "pathway_category": "Formal statewide conversion through HCD and local recordation", "state_term_or_document": "HCD 433A — Notice of Manufactured Home, Mobilehome, or Commercial Modular Installation on a Foundation System", "title_or_ownership_document_action": "The local enforcement agency completes HCD 433A after an approved foundation installation; ownership documents are surrendered to HCD as required, and the recorded 433A gives notice that the home is installed on a foundation system.", "land_or_lease_eligibility": "A transferable exclusive-use lease qualifies if its term is at least 35 years, or if a shorter term is mutually agreed and is not revocable at the lessor’s discretion except for statutory cause; qualifying resident-owned park interests also may satisfy the statute.", "state_agency": "California Department of Housing and Community Development", "local_recording_or_approval_office": "Local enforcement agency and county recorder", "main_forms_or_documents": "HCD 433A; HCD ownership or registration documents; building permit and foundation approval; lienholder consent or releases; deed or qualifying lease", "key_prerequisites": "Approved permanent foundation; permit and inspection; land ownership or qualifying lease; resolution of registered owners and lienholders.", "published_state_fee": "$11 per transportable section for the HCD 433A filing.", "published_local_fee": "Local recording, certification, inspection, tax, and related charges are not included unless an official amount is stated in this row.", "filing_deadline_or_timing_rule": "The official statewide conversion source reviewed for this version does not impose one universal day-count for the complete transaction.", "legal_effect_after_completion": "The home is treated as an improvement to the real property and conveyed/encumbered through the real-property records.", "severance_reversal_or_new_title": "HCD 433A includes a removal-from-foundation filing type. Removal must be processed through HCD and the local enforcement agency under the current form and statutory procedure.", "pending_or_recent_change": "No enacted future change is incorporated into this dataset row as of July 25, 2026.", "primary_authority": "Cal. Health & Safety Code §§ 18551, 18555; HCD 433A", "official_primary_source_url": "https://www.hcd.ca.gov/sites/default/files/docs/manufactured-and-mobilehomes/hcd-433a.pdf", "additional_official_source_url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=18551.&lawCode=HSC", "baseline_synthesis_source_url": "https://singlefamily.fanniemae.com/media/document/pdf/titling-requirements-manufactured-homes", "evidence_tier": "✓", "research_date": "2026-07-25", "verification_note": "Checked against the current official state source(s) listed in this row on 2026-07-25. The row does not infer a fee, deadline, or reversal route that the reviewed source does not publish.", "normalized_pathway_class": "Formal statewide surrender/cancellation/retirement/elimination pathway", "publish_readiness": "Publishable as of 2026-07-25" }, { "dataset_version": "2026-07-25", "jurisdiction_abbr": "CO", "jurisdiction": "Colorado", "operative_status_as_of_2026_07_25": "Operative formal title elimination pathway", "pathway_category": "Formal statewide certificate-of-title elimination", "state_term_or_document": "Certificate of Permanent Location; MH 301 (owned land) / MH 306 (long-term land lease)", "title_or_ownership_document_action": "The county records a certificate of permanent location and the state title record is eliminated or replaced by the real-property record.", "land_or_lease_eligibility": "Land ownership qualifies; a long-term land lease of at least 10 years may qualify under the statutory pathway.", "state_agency": "Colorado Division of Motor Vehicles / Department of Revenue", "local_recording_or_approval_office": "County clerk and recorder; county assessor", "main_forms_or_documents": "MH 301 or MH 306; title/MCO or bill of sale; certificate of permanent location; lien documentation; legal description", "key_prerequisites": "Permanent location/affixation; proof of ownership; land ownership or qualifying lease; lien and tax coordination.", "published_state_fee": "The official statewide conversion source reviewed for this version does not state a single conversion fee; title, recording, tax, inspection, or document charges may still apply.", "published_local_fee": "Local recording, certification, inspection, tax, and related charges are not included unless an official amount is stated in this row.", "filing_deadline_or_timing_rule": "The official statewide conversion source reviewed for this version does not impose one universal day-count for the complete transaction.", "legal_effect_after_completion": "The home is treated as real property at its permanent location and transferred with the land or qualifying leasehold interest.", "severance_reversal_or_new_title": "Colorado uses a Certificate of Removal and the statutory title-restoration process when a home leaves its permanent location.", "pending_or_recent_change": "No enacted future change is incorporated into this dataset row as of July 25, 2026.", "primary_authority": "Colo. Rev. Stat. §§ 38-29-114, 38-29-202 to 38-29-208; 42-1-234", "official_primary_source_url": "https://leg.colorado.gov/sites/default/files/images/olls/crs2024-title-38.pdf", "additional_official_source_url": "https://dmv.colorado.gov/manufactured-homes", "baseline_synthesis_source_url": "https://singlefamily.fanniemae.com/media/document/pdf/titling-requirements-manufactured-homes", "evidence_tier": "✓", "research_date": "2026-07-25", "verification_note": "Checked against the current official state source(s) listed in this row on 2026-07-25. The row does not infer a fee, deadline, or reversal route that the reviewed source does not publish.", "normalized_pathway_class": "Formal statewide surrender/cancellation/retirement/elimination pathway", "publish_readiness": "Publishable as of 2026-07-25" }, { "dataset_version": "2026-07-25", "jurisdiction_abbr": "CT", "jurisdiction": "Connecticut", "operative_status_as_of_2026_07_25": "Operative functional real-property recording route; no title-retirement procedure", "pathway_category": "Functional conversion without literal state title surrender", "state_term_or_document": "Town-clerk recording of ownership and encumbrance documents; fixture/intent analysis", "title_or_ownership_document_action": "Connecticut does not issue a normal manufactured-home title to retire; ownership documents and security interests are recorded in municipal land records, and the original ownership document is not formally canceled.", "land_or_lease_eligibility": "Real-property treatment turns on the land interest, permanent attachment, intent, and the municipal land records rather than a dedicated statewide title-cancellation filing.", "state_agency": "No central manufactured-home title agency for this conversion", "local_recording_or_approval_office": "Town clerk for the municipality where the home is located", "main_forms_or_documents": "MCO, bill of sale, or other ownership evidence; deed, mortgage, fixture description, and municipal land-record instruments as applicable", "key_prerequisites": "Evidence of permanent attachment, intent to immobilize and unify home with land, ownership/tax treatment, and proper municipal recording.", "published_state_fee": "No manufactured-home title-surrender fee is published because this jurisdiction does not use a dedicated state title-surrender filing; recording, tax, or other charges may still apply.", "published_local_fee": "Local recording, certification, inspection, tax, and related charges are not included unless an official amount is stated in this row.", "filing_deadline_or_timing_rule": "The official statewide conversion source reviewed for this version does not impose one universal day-count for the complete transaction.", "legal_effect_after_completion": "Real-property status depends on affixation, intent, ownership, and recorded real-estate documents rather than cancellation of a title.", "severance_reversal_or_new_title": "There is no canceled state title to reinstate under this pathway; removal and later ownership treatment follow the applicable property, recording, and ownership-document rules.", "pending_or_recent_change": "No enacted future change is incorporated into this dataset row as of July 25, 2026.", "primary_authority": "Conn. Gen. Stat. § 21-67a and applicable municipal land-record law", "official_primary_source_url": "https://www.cga.ct.gov/current/pub/chap_412.htm#sec_21-67a", "additional_official_source_url": "", "baseline_synthesis_source_url": "https://singlefamily.fanniemae.com/media/document/pdf/titling-requirements-manufactured-homes", "evidence_tier": "✓", "research_date": "2026-07-25", "verification_note": "Checked against the current official state source(s) listed in this row on 2026-07-25. The row does not infer a fee, deadline, or reversal route that the reviewed source does not publish.", "normalized_pathway_class": "Functional real-property pathway without literal title surrender", "publish_readiness": "Publishable as of 2026-07-25" }, { "dataset_version": "2026-07-25", "jurisdiction_abbr": "DE", "jurisdiction": "Delaware", "operative_status_as_of_2026_07_25": "Operative but county-dependent classification route; no single uniform statewide surrender sequence", "pathway_category": "Limited/nonuniform local real-property classification pathway", "state_term_or_document": "DMV Classification Notice; county Class C or mobile-home certification letter", "title_or_ownership_document_action": "The county verifies permanent affixation/classification, DMV updates the home classification, and the county assessor records the real-property treatment; details differ among New Castle, Kent, and Sussex counties.", "land_or_lease_eligibility": "The home generally must be permanently affixed and treated/taxed as real property; county-specific conditions apply.", "state_agency": "Delaware Division of Motor Vehicles", "local_recording_or_approval_office": "County inspection, finance/tax, or assessment offices", "main_forms_or_documents": "County certification/Class C letter; DMV application/classification documents; title-related documents; tax certification", "key_prerequisites": "Permanent affixation; county inspection or certification; taxes paid; county and DMV coordination.", "published_state_fee": "The official statewide conversion source reviewed for this version does not state a single conversion fee; title, recording, tax, inspection, or document charges may still apply.", "published_local_fee": "Local recording, certification, inspection, tax, and related charges are not included unless an official amount is stated in this row.", "filing_deadline_or_timing_rule": "Timing depends on the county or local process identified for the property.", "legal_effect_after_completion": "The home is reclassified in DMV and county records as real property under the applicable county process.", "severance_reversal_or_new_title": "The applicable county and state title records control any return to separate personal-property treatment.", "pending_or_recent_change": "No enacted future change is incorporated into this dataset row as of July 25, 2026.", "primary_authority": "2 Del. Admin. Code § 2263-2.0 and county procedures", "official_primary_source_url": "https://regulations.delaware.gov/AdminCode/title2/2000/2200/2263.shtml", "additional_official_source_url": "https://dmv.de.gov/forms/index.shtml", "baseline_synthesis_source_url": "https://singlefamily.fanniemae.com/media/document/pdf/titling-requirements-manufactured-homes", "evidence_tier": "✓", "research_date": "2026-07-25", "verification_note": "Checked against the current official state source(s) listed in this row on 2026-07-25. The row does not infer a fee, deadline, or reversal route that the reviewed source does not publish.", "normalized_pathway_class": "Limited or county-dependent pathway", "publish_readiness": "Publishable as of 2026-07-25" }, { "dataset_version": "2026-07-25", "jurisdiction_abbr": "DC", "jurisdiction": "District of Columbia", "operative_status_as_of_2026_07_25": "No dedicated operative manufactured-home title-surrender statute identified", "pathway_category": "No dedicated statewide-equivalent pathway", "state_term_or_document": "Real-property fixture and Recorder of Deeds/UCC route", "title_or_ownership_document_action": "D.C. does not provide a manufactured-home-specific cancellation process comparable to title-surrender states; parties rely on attachment, real-property instruments, and applicable UCC/recording rules.", "land_or_lease_eligibility": "Real-property treatment depends on the underlying land interest and fixture treatment; no manufactured-home-specific leasehold conversion threshold appears in the cited District sources.", "state_agency": "No manufactured-home-specific title-surrender agency identified; the Recorder of Deeds administers District land records", "local_recording_or_approval_office": "D.C. Recorder of Deeds", "main_forms_or_documents": "Deed or lease; mortgage/fixture filing; available ownership evidence; permits/installation records", "key_prerequisites": "Permanent attachment and legally sufficient real-property/fixture documentation; lien search and counsel review are essential.", "published_state_fee": "No manufactured-home title-surrender fee is published because this jurisdiction does not use a dedicated state title-surrender filing; recording, tax, or other charges may still apply.", "published_local_fee": "Local recording, certification, inspection, tax, and related charges are not included unless an official amount is stated in this row.", "filing_deadline_or_timing_rule": "No manufactured-home-specific surrender deadline applies because the jurisdiction does not use a dedicated statewide surrender filing.", "legal_effect_after_completion": "Status is established through general real-property and fixture law, not a manufactured-home title cancellation certificate.", "severance_reversal_or_new_title": "There is no canceled state title to reinstate under this pathway; removal and later ownership treatment follow the applicable property, recording, and ownership-document rules.", "pending_or_recent_change": "No enacted future change is incorporated into this dataset row as of July 25, 2026.", "primary_authority": "D.C. Code § 28:9-502 and District real-property recording law", "official_primary_source_url": "https://code.dccouncil.gov/us/dc/council/code/sections/28:9-502", "additional_official_source_url": "https://otr.cfo.dc.gov/page/recorder-deeds", "baseline_synthesis_source_url": "https://singlefamily.fanniemae.com/media/document/pdf/titling-requirements-manufactured-homes", "evidence_tier": "✓", "research_date": "2026-07-25", "verification_note": "Checked against the current official state source(s) listed in this row on 2026-07-25. The row does not infer a fee, deadline, or reversal route that the reviewed source does not publish.", "normalized_pathway_class": "No dedicated operative statewide pathway identified", "publish_readiness": "Publishable as of 2026-07-25" }, { "dataset_version": "2026-07-25", "jurisdiction_abbr": "FL", "jurisdiction": "Florida", "operative_status_as_of_2026_07_25": "Operative formal title-retirement pathway", "pathway_category": "Formal statewide title retirement", "state_term_or_document": "Application for Retirement of a Mobile Home Certificate of Title (HSMV 82109)", "title_or_ownership_document_action": "The owner first records the original title, legal description/lease, and sworn ownership-affixation statement with the clerk; the recorded package then goes to FLHSMV to retire the title.", "land_or_lease_eligibility": "Same-person land ownership qualifies; a recorded leasehold with a term of at least 30 years also qualifies.", "state_agency": "Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles", "local_recording_or_approval_office": "Clerk of court for the county where the real property is located", "main_forms_or_documents": "HSMV 82109; original title; home description; lien release or commitment; legal description; recorded lease if applicable; sworn statement", "key_prerequisites": "Permanent affixation; matching ownership or qualifying recorded lease; recorded county documents; lien resolution.", "published_state_fee": "The official statewide conversion source reviewed for this version does not state a single conversion fee; title, recording, tax, inspection, or document charges may still apply.", "published_local_fee": "Local recording, certification, inspection, tax, and related charges are not included unless an official amount is stated in this row.", "filing_deadline_or_timing_rule": "The official statewide conversion source reviewed for this version does not impose one universal day-count for the complete transaction.", "legal_effect_after_completion": "After retirement, the home is part of the real property and is conveyed/encumbered under real-property law.", "severance_reversal_or_new_title": "Fla. Stat. § 319.261 provides for a new certificate of title after a retired home is removed, subject to the statutory consents and title certification.", "pending_or_recent_change": "No enacted future change is incorporated into this dataset row as of July 25, 2026.", "primary_authority": "Fla. Stat. § 319.261", "official_primary_source_url": "https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0300-0399/0319/Sections/0319.261.html", "additional_official_source_url": "https://www.flhsmv.gov/pdf/forms/82109.pdf", "baseline_synthesis_source_url": "https://singlefamily.fanniemae.com/media/document/pdf/titling-requirements-manufactured-homes", "evidence_tier": "✓", "research_date": "2026-07-25", "verification_note": "Checked against the current official state source(s) listed in this row on 2026-07-25. The row does not infer a fee, deadline, or reversal route that the reviewed source does not publish.", "normalized_pathway_class": "Formal statewide surrender/cancellation/retirement/elimination pathway", "publish_readiness": "Publishable as of 2026-07-25" }, { "dataset_version": "2026-07-25", "jurisdiction_abbr": "GA", "jurisdiction": "Georgia", "operative_status_as_of_2026_07_25": "Operative formal title/MCO retirement pathway", "pathway_category": "Formal statewide title retirement", "state_term_or_document": "Manufactured Home Certificate of Permanent Location (Form T-234)", "title_or_ownership_document_action": "Form T-234 is recorded with the Clerk of Superior Court; a certified copy and the original title are then delivered to DOR/Motor Vehicle for retirement.", "land_or_lease_eligibility": "The home must be permanently located on the real property; the standard pathway is built around land-home unity.", "state_agency": "Georgia Department of Revenue, Motor Vehicle Division", "local_recording_or_approval_office": "Clerk of Superior Court in the county where the home is located", "main_forms_or_documents": "Form T-234; original title or MCO; certified recorded copy; lienholder documents", "key_prerequisites": "Permanent location; accurate land and home descriptions; title/MCO surrender; lien coordination.", "published_state_fee": "The official statewide conversion source reviewed for this version does not state a single conversion fee; title, recording, tax, inspection, or document charges may still apply.", "published_local_fee": "Local recording, certification, inspection, tax, and related charges are not included unless an official amount is stated in this row.", "filing_deadline_or_timing_rule": "The official statewide conversion source reviewed for this version does not impose one universal day-count for the complete transaction.", "legal_effect_after_completion": "The home becomes part of the real property for all legal purposes and transfers with the land.", "severance_reversal_or_new_title": "Act 286 (SB 119), effective July 1, 2025, added circumstances under which a manufactured home reverts to personal property; the current code and Department of Revenue process control the required filing and lien treatment.", "pending_or_recent_change": "Act 286 (SB 119) took effect July 1, 2025. It revised lienholder participation and notice, preserved specified prior-lien rights and priorities, and added circumstances under which a manufactured home reverts to personal property.", "primary_authority": "O.C.G.A. §§ 8-2-181 to 8-2-183, as amended by Act 286 (SB 119), effective July 1, 2025; Form T-234", "official_primary_source_url": "https://dor.georgia.gov/t-234-manufactured-home-certificate-permanent-location", "additional_official_source_url": "https://www.legis.ga.gov/api/document/docs/default-source/senate-research-office-document-library/july-1-opla-final-passage-doc-pdf.pdf?sfvrsn=2aeb0368_0", "baseline_synthesis_source_url": "https://singlefamily.fanniemae.com/media/document/pdf/titling-requirements-manufactured-homes", "evidence_tier": "✓", "research_date": "2026-07-25", "verification_note": "Checked against the current official state source(s) listed in this row on 2026-07-25. The row does not infer a fee, deadline, or reversal route that the reviewed source does not publish.", "normalized_pathway_class": "Formal statewide surrender/cancellation/retirement/elimination pathway", "publish_readiness": "Publishable as of 2026-07-25" }, { "dataset_version": "2026-07-25", "jurisdiction_abbr": "HI", "jurisdiction": "Hawaii", "operative_status_as_of_2026_07_25": "No dedicated operative title-surrender or statutory conversion procedure identified", "pathway_category": "No dedicated statewide pathway; non-title/fixture approach", "state_term_or_document": "Bureau of Conveyances mortgage/fixture and land-recording route", "title_or_ownership_document_action": "Hawaii does not title manufactured homes and does not provide a dedicated documented conversion process; lenders rely on real-property mortgages, fixture descriptions, and Bureau of Conveyances recording.", "land_or_lease_eligibility": "Land in Hawaii is frequently leasehold; treatment depends on the underlying land interest and general real-property law.", "state_agency": "No manufactured-home title agency", "local_recording_or_approval_office": "Hawaii Bureau of Conveyances / Land Court or Regular System as applicable", "main_forms_or_documents": "Deed or lease; mortgage/fixture filing; MCO or other ownership evidence; installation/permit records", "key_prerequisites": "Permanent attachment, sufficient land interest, and correct Bureau of Conveyances recording; legal review is especially important because there is no dedicated statute.", "published_state_fee": "No manufactured-home title-surrender fee is published because this jurisdiction does not use a dedicated state title-surrender filing; recording, tax, or other charges may still apply.", "published_local_fee": "Local recording, certification, inspection, tax, and related charges are not included unless an official amount is stated in this row.", "filing_deadline_or_timing_rule": "No manufactured-home-specific surrender deadline applies because the jurisdiction does not use a dedicated statewide surrender filing.", "legal_effect_after_completion": "Real-property treatment depends on general fixture and land-recording law rather than title cancellation.", "severance_reversal_or_new_title": "There is no canceled state title to reinstate under this pathway; removal and later ownership treatment follow the applicable property, recording, and ownership-document rules.", "pending_or_recent_change": "No enacted future change is incorporated into this dataset row as of July 25, 2026.", "primary_authority": "Haw. Rev. Stat. ch. 490 art. 9; Bureau of Conveyances recording law", "official_primary_source_url": "https://cca.hawaii.gov/boc/", "additional_official_source_url": "https://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/hrscurrent/Vol11_Ch0476-0490/HRS0490/HRS_0490-0009-0501.htm", "baseline_synthesis_source_url": "https://singlefamily.fanniemae.com/media/document/pdf/titling-requirements-manufactured-homes", "evidence_tier": "✓", "research_date": "2026-07-25", "verification_note": "Checked against the current official state source(s) listed in this row on 2026-07-25. The row does not infer a fee, deadline, or reversal route that the reviewed source does not publish.", "normalized_pathway_class": "No dedicated operative statewide pathway identified", "publish_readiness": "Publishable as of 2026-07-25" }, { "dataset_version": "2026-07-25", "jurisdiction_abbr": "ID", "jurisdiction": "Idaho", "operative_status_as_of_2026_07_25": "Operative formal title cancellation/real-property declaration pathway", "pathway_category": "Formal statewide declaration and title cancellation", "state_term_or_document": "Statement of Intent to Declare Manufactured Home as Real Property (SID)", "title_or_ownership_document_action": "The SID is recorded with the county; the assessor and Idaho Transportation Department coordinate cancellation of the title/ownership record.", "land_or_lease_eligibility": "The standard Idaho declaration route applies when the manufactured home is permanently affixed and declared with the real property under Idaho Code § 63-304 and the current county statement-of-intent process.", "state_agency": "Idaho Transportation Department", "local_recording_or_approval_office": "County recorder and county assessor", "main_forms_or_documents": "County SID; title/MCO; assessor documentation; lien releases/consents; ownership documents", "key_prerequisites": "Running gear removed; permanent foundation/affixation; land interest; all interested parties sign; taxes and liens addressed.", "published_state_fee": "The official statewide conversion source reviewed for this version does not state a single conversion fee; title, recording, tax, inspection, or document charges may still apply.", "published_local_fee": "Local recording, certification, inspection, tax, and related charges are not included unless an official amount is stated in this row.", "filing_deadline_or_timing_rule": "The official statewide conversion source reviewed for this version does not impose one universal day-count for the complete transaction.", "legal_effect_after_completion": "The home is declared and assessed as real property and the separate title record is canceled.", "severance_reversal_or_new_title": "Idaho provides a recorded reversal declaration and title-restoration process through the county and Idaho Transportation Department.", "pending_or_recent_change": "No enacted future change is incorporated into this dataset row as of July 25, 2026.", "primary_authority": "Idaho Code § 63-304; Idaho Admin. Code r. 35.01.03.304", "official_primary_source_url": "https://legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/title63/t63ch3/sect63-304/", "additional_official_source_url": "https://itd.idaho.gov/itddmv/?target=registration-plates-titles#forms-publications", "baseline_synthesis_source_url": "https://singlefamily.fanniemae.com/media/document/pdf/titling-requirements-manufactured-homes", "evidence_tier": "✓", "research_date": "2026-07-25", "verification_note": "Checked against the current official state source(s) listed in this row on 2026-07-25. The row does not infer a fee, deadline, or reversal route that the reviewed source does not publish.", "normalized_pathway_class": "Formal statewide surrender/cancellation/retirement/elimination pathway", "publish_readiness": "Publishable as of 2026-07-25" }, { "dataset_version": "2026-07-25", "jurisdiction_abbr": "IL", "jurisdiction": "Illinois", "operative_status_as_of_2026_07_25": "Operative formal title/MCO surrender pathway", "pathway_category": "Formal statewide affidavit of affixation and title surrender", "state_term_or_document": "Affidavit of Affixation; Application for Surrender (VSD 973)", "title_or_ownership_document_action": "The affidavit is recorded in the county, then the certified affidavit, original title/MCO, and VSD 973 are delivered to the Secretary of State for cancellation.", "land_or_lease_eligibility": "Owner may own the land or possess it under a 20-year lease with lessor consent; the home must be outside a mobile home park for the statutory conversion route.", "state_agency": "Illinois Secretary of State, Vehicle Services", "local_recording_or_approval_office": "County recorder", "main_forms_or_documents": "Statutory Affidavit of Affixation; VSD 973; original title/MCO; foundation certification; lien releases", "key_prerequisites": "Permanent foundation; wheels, axles and hitch removed; utilities connected; appraiser/installer/engineer certification; liens cleared.", "published_state_fee": "The official statewide conversion source reviewed for this version does not state a single conversion fee; title, recording, tax, inspection, or document charges may still apply.", "published_local_fee": "Local recording, certification, inspection, tax, and related charges are not included unless an official amount is stated in this row.", "filing_deadline_or_timing_rule": "Submitting the surrender package within 60 days after county recordation preserves the affidavit-recording date for statutory compliance.", "legal_effect_after_completion": "The home is deemed real property, and real-property liens attach as of recording.", "severance_reversal_or_new_title": "The official conversion source reviewed for this version does not set out a separate statewide restoration route in the material cited here.", "pending_or_recent_change": "No enacted future change is incorporated into this dataset row as of July 25, 2026.", "primary_authority": "765 ILCS 170/5-1 et seq.; 625 ILCS 5/3-116.1, 3-116.2, 3-207", "official_primary_source_url": "https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/ilcs/ilcs3.asp?ActID=3609&ChapterID=62", "additional_official_source_url": "https://www.ilsos.gov/publications/pdf_publications/vsd973.pdf", "baseline_synthesis_source_url": "https://singlefamily.fanniemae.com/media/document/pdf/titling-requirements-manufactured-homes", "evidence_tier": "✓", "research_date": "2026-07-25", "verification_note": "Checked against the current official state source(s) listed in this row on 2026-07-25. The row does not infer a fee, deadline, or reversal route that the reviewed source does not publish.", "normalized_pathway_class": "Formal statewide surrender/cancellation/retirement/elimination pathway", "publish_readiness": "Publishable as of 2026-07-25" }, { "dataset_version": "2026-07-25", "jurisdiction_abbr": "IN", "jurisdiction": "Indiana", "operative_status_as_of_2026_07_25": "Operative formal transfer-to-real-estate pathway", "pathway_category": "Formal statewide title-to-real-estate transfer", "state_term_or_document": "Affidavit of Transfer to Real Estate (ATRE), State Form 51408", "title_or_ownership_document_action": "The owner files the ATRE with BMV and records it with the county recorder so the manufactured home is transferred to and tracked with the real estate.", "land_or_lease_eligibility": "The home must be attached to a permanent foundation; ownership and lien conditions in the ATRE statutes must be met.", "state_agency": "Indiana Bureau of Motor Vehicles", "local_recording_or_approval_office": "County recorder", "main_forms_or_documents": "State Form 51408 (ATRE); title/MCO; legal description; lien releases/consents; foundation information", "key_prerequisites": "Permanent foundation; ownership and lien alignment; correct BMV and county recordation.", "published_state_fee": "$15 ATRE application fee under the current Indiana BMV packet.", "published_local_fee": "Local recording, certification, inspection, tax, and related charges are not included unless an official amount is stated in this row.", "filing_deadline_or_timing_rule": "The official statewide conversion source reviewed for this version does not impose one universal day-count for the complete transaction.", "legal_effect_after_completion": "The home is associated with the real estate for transfer and encumbrance purposes; Indiana notes ATRE is not the sole way a home may be treated as an improvement.", "severance_reversal_or_new_title": "Indiana law provides a procedure to remove ATRE status and re-establish a manufactured-home title.", "pending_or_recent_change": "No enacted future change is incorporated into this dataset row as of July 25, 2026.", "primary_authority": "Ind. Code §§ 9-17-6-15.1 to 15.5; 36-2-9-18", "official_primary_source_url": "https://www.in.gov/bmv/titles/manufacturemobile-homes/", "additional_official_source_url": "https://www.in.gov/dA/879fcf4198/ATRE_Packet.pdf?language_id=1", "baseline_synthesis_source_url": "https://singlefamily.fanniemae.com/media/document/pdf/titling-requirements-manufactured-homes", "evidence_tier": "✓", "research_date": "2026-07-25", "verification_note": "Checked against the current official state source(s) listed in this row on 2026-07-25. The row does not infer a fee, deadline, or reversal route that the reviewed source does not publish.", "normalized_pathway_class": "Formal statewide surrender/cancellation/retirement/elimination pathway", "publish_readiness": "Publishable as of 2026-07-25" }, { "dataset_version": "2026-07-25", "jurisdiction_abbr": "IA", "jurisdiction": "Iowa", "operative_status_as_of_2026_07_25": "Operative formal title surrender/cancellation pathway", "pathway_category": "Formal statewide title surrender to county", "state_term_or_document": "Surrender of title under Iowa Code § 435.26; separate community pathway under § 435.26A", "title_or_ownership_document_action": "The title is surrendered through the county and the home is entered on the real-property tax/assessment system when statutory conditions are met.", "land_or_lease_eligibility": "Standard route requires land ownership; a separate route can apply in manufactured-home communities under § 435.26A.", "state_agency": "Iowa Department of Transportation / county treasurer", "local_recording_or_approval_office": "County treasurer and county assessor", "main_forms_or_documents": "Certificate of title or Form 411186 for the statutory no-title affidavit route; county treasurer and assessor documents; lien releases; land or community documentation", "key_prerequisites": "Permanent foundation/placement; taxes and liens addressed; statutory land or community eligibility.", "published_state_fee": "$5 for the Iowa Code § 435.26B no-title affidavit route; county charges and other routes may differ.", "published_local_fee": "Local recording, certification, inspection, tax, and related charges are not included unless an official amount is stated in this row.", "filing_deadline_or_timing_rule": "The official statewide conversion source reviewed for this version does not impose one universal day-count for the complete transaction.", "legal_effect_after_completion": "The home is treated as real estate for conveyance, assessment, and lien purposes under the applicable route.", "severance_reversal_or_new_title": "The official conversion source reviewed for this version does not set out a separate statewide restoration route in the material cited here.", "pending_or_recent_change": "No enacted future change is incorporated into this dataset row as of July 25, 2026.", "primary_authority": "Iowa Code §§ 435.26, 435.26A, 435.26B; Iowa Admin. Code r. 761—400.40", "official_primary_source_url": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/code/435.26.pdf", "additional_official_source_url": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/iac/rule/04-06-2022.761.400.40.pdf", "baseline_synthesis_source_url": "https://singlefamily.fanniemae.com/media/document/pdf/titling-requirements-manufactured-homes", "evidence_tier": "✓", "research_date": "2026-07-25", "verification_note": "Checked against the current official state source(s) listed in this row on 2026-07-25. The row does not infer a fee, deadline, or reversal route that the reviewed source does not publish.", "normalized_pathway_class": "Formal statewide surrender/cancellation/retirement/elimination pathway", "publish_readiness": "Publishable as of 2026-07-25" }, { "dataset_version": "2026-07-25", "jurisdiction_abbr": "KS", "jurisdiction": "Kansas", "operative_status_as_of_2026_07_25": "Operative formal title elimination pathway", "pathway_category": "Formal statewide title elimination", "state_term_or_document": "Affidavit of Permanently Affixed Manufactured/Mobile Home (Form TR-63)", "title_or_ownership_document_action": "The title is surrendered/eliminated through the county treasurer and Kansas Department of Revenue after the permanent-affixation affidavit is completed.", "land_or_lease_eligibility": "The home and real estate generally must have matching ownership and the home must be permanently affixed.", "state_agency": "Kansas Department of Revenue, Division of Vehicles", "local_recording_or_approval_office": "County treasurer / county register of deeds as required", "main_forms_or_documents": "Form TR-63; title/MCO; lien releases; land description; ownership and tax documents", "key_prerequisites": "Permanent affixation; common ownership; lien and tax resolution; county certification.", "published_state_fee": "$10 title-elimination application fee under current Form TR-63.", "published_local_fee": "Local recording, certification, inspection, tax, and related charges are not included unless an official amount is stated in this row.", "filing_deadline_or_timing_rule": "The official statewide conversion source reviewed for this version does not impose one universal day-count for the complete transaction.", "legal_effect_after_completion": "The manufactured home becomes an improvement to the real property and the separate vehicle-title record is eliminated.", "severance_reversal_or_new_title": "Kansas law provides a title-restoration process after detachment; the county and Division of Vehicles process the new title.", "pending_or_recent_change": "No enacted future change is incorporated into this dataset row as of July 25, 2026.", "primary_authority": "Kan. Stat. § 58-4214", "official_primary_source_url": "https://www.ksrevenue.gov/pdf/tr63.pdf", "additional_official_source_url": "https://www.ksrevenue.gov/dovtitlefaq.html", "baseline_synthesis_source_url": "https://singlefamily.fanniemae.com/media/document/pdf/titling-requirements-manufactured-homes", "evidence_tier": "✓", "research_date": "2026-07-25", "verification_note": "Checked against the current official state source(s) listed in this row on 2026-07-25. The row does not infer a fee, deadline, or reversal route that the reviewed source does not publish.", "normalized_pathway_class": "Formal statewide surrender/cancellation/retirement/elimination pathway", "publish_readiness": "Publishable as of 2026-07-25" }, { "dataset_version": "2026-07-25", "jurisdiction_abbr": "KY", "jurisdiction": "Kentucky", "operative_status_as_of_2026_07_25": "Operative formal title surrender/conversion pathway", "pathway_category": "Formal statewide conversion with county-created affidavit", "state_term_or_document": "Affidavit of Conversion to Real Estate", "title_or_ownership_document_action": "The title is surrendered to the county clerk and the conversion affidavit is recorded in the county land records.", "land_or_lease_eligibility": "The home must be permanently affixed; the usual route requires unity of the home and real-estate interests.", "state_agency": "Kentucky Transportation Cabinet / county clerk", "local_recording_or_approval_office": "County clerk and county land-recording office", "main_forms_or_documents": "County-prepared Affidavit of Conversion; title/MCO; lien release or statutory attorney affidavit; legal description", "key_prerequisites": "Permanent affixation; ownership and legal description; all title liens released or resolved under statute.", "published_state_fee": "The official statewide conversion source reviewed for this version does not state a single conversion fee; title, recording, tax, inspection, or document charges may still apply.", "published_local_fee": "Local recording, certification, inspection, tax, and related charges are not included unless an official amount is stated in this row.", "filing_deadline_or_timing_rule": "The official statewide conversion source reviewed for this version does not impose one universal day-count for the complete transaction.", "legal_effect_after_completion": "The home becomes part of the real estate and is transferred and encumbered with it.", "severance_reversal_or_new_title": "Ky. Rev. Stat. § 186A.298 governs severance and the new-title process under the version operative on July 25, 2026.", "pending_or_recent_change": "No enacted future change is incorporated into this dataset row as of July 25, 2026.", "primary_authority": "Ky. Rev. Stat. § 186A.297", "official_primary_source_url": "https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/statutes/statute.aspx?id=41885", "additional_official_source_url": "https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/statutes/statute.aspx?id=41886", "baseline_synthesis_source_url": "https://singlefamily.fanniemae.com/media/document/pdf/titling-requirements-manufactured-homes", "evidence_tier": "✓", "research_date": "2026-07-25", "verification_note": "Checked against the current official state source(s) listed in this row on 2026-07-25. The row does not infer a fee, deadline, or reversal route that the reviewed source does not publish.", "normalized_pathway_class": "Formal statewide surrender/cancellation/retirement/elimination pathway", "publish_readiness": "Publishable as of 2026-07-25" }, { "dataset_version": "2026-07-25", "jurisdiction_abbr": "LA", "jurisdiction": "Louisiana", "operative_status_as_of_2026_07_25": "Operative formal immobilization pathway without mandatory literal title surrender", "pathway_category": "Functional real-property conversion without literal title cancellation", "state_term_or_document": "Declaration or Act of Immobilization", "title_or_ownership_document_action": "A declaration/act of immobilization is recorded in parish conveyance records and a certified copy is submitted to OMV; the title may remain part of the chain rather than being canceled in the same manner as surrender states.", "land_or_lease_eligibility": "The standard route requires the home owner to own the land; Louisiana also addresses later de-immobilization.", "state_agency": "Louisiana Office of Motor Vehicles", "local_recording_or_approval_office": "Parish clerk of court / conveyance records", "main_forms_or_documents": "Declaration or Act of Immobilization; title/MCO or ownership record; legal descriptions; secured-party concurrence/releases", "key_prerequisites": "Permanent attachment; common ownership; detailed home and land description; lienholder participation; parish recordation.", "published_state_fee": "No manufactured-home title-surrender fee is published because this jurisdiction does not use a dedicated state title-surrender filing; recording, tax, or other charges may still apply.", "published_local_fee": "Local recording, certification, inspection, tax, and related charges are not included unless an official amount is stated in this row.", "filing_deadline_or_timing_rule": "The official statewide conversion source reviewed for this version does not impose one universal day-count for the complete transaction.", "legal_effect_after_completion": "The home is immobilized and conveyed/encumbered with the real estate under Louisiana law.", "severance_reversal_or_new_title": "La. Rev. Stat. § 9:1149.7 provides a de-immobilization process and return to separate title treatment.", "pending_or_recent_change": "No enacted future change is incorporated into this dataset row as of July 25, 2026.", "primary_authority": "La. Rev. Stat. §§ 9:1149.6, 32:707.2", "official_primary_source_url": "https://legis.la.gov/Legis/Law.aspx?d=107173", "additional_official_source_url": "https://legis.la.gov/Legis/Law.aspx?d=107174", "baseline_synthesis_source_url": "https://singlefamily.fanniemae.com/media/document/pdf/titling-requirements-manufactured-homes", "evidence_tier": "✓", "research_date": "2026-07-25", "verification_note": "Checked against the current official state source(s) listed in this row on 2026-07-25. The row does not infer a fee, deadline, or reversal route that the reviewed source does not publish.", "normalized_pathway_class": "Functional real-property pathway without literal title surrender", "publish_readiness": "Publishable as of 2026-07-25" }, { "dataset_version": "2026-07-25", "jurisdiction_abbr": "ME", "jurisdiction": "Maine", "operative_status_as_of_2026_07_25": "Operative cancellation pathway under 29-A M.R.S. § 669; enacted replacement takes effect 2026-07-29", "pathway_category": "Formal statewide title cancellation with imminent expansion", "state_term_or_document": "Cancellation of certificate of title under 29-A M.R.S. § 669", "title_or_ownership_document_action": "Under current law, the owner records the title, home description, legal description, sworn ownership/affixation statement, and lien information, then asks the Secretary of State to cancel the title.", "land_or_lease_eligibility": "Through July 28, 2026, § 669 uses the owner-of-land route. Public Law 2025, chapter 691 expands eligibility to specified lease and occupancy arrangements beginning July 29, 2026.", "state_agency": "Maine Secretary of State, Bureau of Motor Vehicles", "local_recording_or_approval_office": "County registry of deeds", "main_forms_or_documents": "Original title; home description; lien release/commitment; legal description; sworn statement; written cancellation request; after 2026-07-29, Secretary of State warning/acknowledgment and cancellation certificate", "key_prerequisites": "Permanent affixation; recorded documents; lien resolution; completion of the Secretary of State cancellation process.", "published_state_fee": "The current statute and enacted replacement reviewed for this version do not state one statewide conversion fee; registry recording charges may apply.", "published_local_fee": "Local recording, certification, inspection, tax, and related charges are not included unless an official amount is stated in this row.", "filing_deadline_or_timing_rule": "The official statewide conversion source reviewed for this version does not impose one universal day-count for the complete transaction.", "legal_effect_after_completion": "Current law converts title status through cancellation; under the amendment, conversion is complete only when the Secretary of State cancellation certificate is recorded in the registry of deeds.", "severance_reversal_or_new_title": "Current § 669 does not state a separate reversal route. Beginning July 29, 2026, the replacement law requires an acknowledgment that conversion may not be reversed.", "pending_or_recent_change": "Public Law 2025, chapter 691 was approved April 13, 2026 and takes effect July 29, 2026. It expands eligibility, adds a nonreversal warning, and makes recordation of the Secretary of State cancellation certificate the completion event.", "primary_authority": "29-A M.R.S. § 669; P.L. 2025, ch. 691", "official_primary_source_url": "https://legislature.maine.gov/statutes/29-a/title29-Asec669.html", "additional_official_source_url": "https://www.mainelegislature.org/legis/bills/getPDF.asp?item=4&paper=HP1506&snum=132", "baseline_synthesis_source_url": "https://singlefamily.fanniemae.com/media/document/pdf/titling-requirements-manufactured-homes", "evidence_tier": "✓", "research_date": "2026-07-25", "verification_note": "Checked against the current official state source(s) listed in this row on 2026-07-25. The row does not infer a fee, deadline, or reversal route that the reviewed source does not publish.", "normalized_pathway_class": "Formal statewide surrender/cancellation/retirement/elimination pathway", "publish_readiness": "Publishable as of 2026-07-25" }, { "dataset_version": "2026-07-25", "jurisdiction_abbr": "MD", "jurisdiction": "Maryland", "operative_status_as_of_2026_07_25": "Operative formal MCO/title surrender pathway", "pathway_category": "Formal statewide affidavit conversion and surrender", "state_term_or_document": "Statutory Affidavit of Affixation under Md. Code, Real Property § 8B-202", "title_or_ownership_document_action": "The owner records the statutory Affidavit of Affixation with the circuit court; the certificate of title or MCO is marked surrendered, liens are released, and a certified copy is delivered to the Motor Vehicle Administration.", "land_or_lease_eligibility": "The current statutory route requires a permanent foundation and identical ownership interests in the home and the real property.", "state_agency": "Maryland Motor Vehicle Administration", "local_recording_or_approval_office": "Clerk of the circuit court / county land records", "main_forms_or_documents": "Statutory Affidavit of Affixation; title or MCO marked surrendered; lien releases; real-property legal description; certified recorded copy for MVA", "key_prerequisites": "Permanent foundation; identical home/land ownership; lien releases; county recording.", "published_state_fee": "The official statewide conversion source reviewed for this version does not state a single conversion fee; title, recording, tax, inspection, or document charges may still apply.", "published_local_fee": "Local recording, certification, inspection, tax, and related charges are not included unless an official amount is stated in this row.", "filing_deadline_or_timing_rule": "The official statewide conversion source reviewed for this version does not impose one universal day-count for the complete transaction.", "legal_effect_after_completion": "The home is converted to real property and conveyed/encumbered with the parcel.", "severance_reversal_or_new_title": "Md. Code, Real Property § 8B-302 provides the severance and replacement-title route.", "pending_or_recent_change": "No enacted future change is incorporated into this dataset row as of July 25, 2026.", "primary_authority": "Md. Code, Real Property §§ 8B-201 to 8B-203; § 8B-302", "official_primary_source_url": "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Laws/StatuteText?article=grp§ion=8B-202", "additional_official_source_url": "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Laws/StatuteText?article=grp§ion=8B-302", "baseline_synthesis_source_url": "https://singlefamily.fanniemae.com/media/document/pdf/titling-requirements-manufactured-homes", "evidence_tier": "✓", "research_date": "2026-07-25", "verification_note": "Checked against the current official state source(s) listed in this row on 2026-07-25. The row does not infer a fee, deadline, or reversal route that the reviewed source does not publish.", "normalized_pathway_class": "Formal statewide surrender/cancellation/retirement/elimination pathway", "publish_readiness": "Publishable as of 2026-07-25" }, { "dataset_version": "2026-07-25", "jurisdiction_abbr": "MA", "jurisdiction": "Massachusetts", "operative_status_as_of_2026_07_25": "Manufactured homes are exempt from the Massachusetts certificate-of-title requirement; no title-surrender event", "pathway_category": "No dedicated statewide title conversion pathway", "state_term_or_document": "Non-title treatment under Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 90D, § 2(a)(10)", "title_or_ownership_document_action": "Massachusetts exempts a manufactured home, as defined in chapter 140, section 32Q, from the certificate-of-title requirement. Ownership, fixture, mortgage, tax, and land-record treatment therefore do not depend on canceling a Massachusetts vehicle title.", "land_or_lease_eligibility": "Depends on the land interest and facts of permanent attachment; no dedicated statewide leasehold conversion threshold identified.", "state_agency": "No manufactured-home certificate-of-title agency for this classification", "local_recording_or_approval_office": "Registry of deeds / Land Court district and local authorities", "main_forms_or_documents": "Deed or lease; purchase or ownership evidence; mortgage or fixture description; installation, tax, and local land-record documents as applicable", "key_prerequisites": "Permanent attachment, clear ownership, and legally sufficient land-recording documents; counsel/title-insurer review is essential.", "published_state_fee": "No manufactured-home title-surrender fee is published because this jurisdiction does not use a dedicated state title-surrender filing; recording, tax, or other charges may still apply.", "published_local_fee": "Local recording, certification, inspection, tax, and related charges are not included unless an official amount is stated in this row.", "filing_deadline_or_timing_rule": "No manufactured-home-specific surrender deadline applies because the jurisdiction does not use a dedicated statewide surrender filing.", "legal_effect_after_completion": "Real-property status is established through general law rather than a state cancellation certificate.", "severance_reversal_or_new_title": "There is no canceled state title to reinstate under this pathway; removal and later ownership treatment follow the applicable property, recording, and ownership-document rules.", "pending_or_recent_change": "No enacted future change is incorporated into this dataset row as of July 25, 2026.", "primary_authority": "Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 90D, § 2(a)(10)", "official_primary_source_url": "https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartI/TitleXIV/Chapter90D/Section2", "additional_official_source_url": "https://www.mass.gov/info-details/manufactured-housing", "baseline_synthesis_source_url": "https://singlefamily.fanniemae.com/media/document/pdf/titling-requirements-manufactured-homes", "evidence_tier": "✓", "research_date": "2026-07-25", "verification_note": "Checked against the current official state source(s) listed in this row on 2026-07-25. The row does not infer a fee, deadline, or reversal route that the reviewed source does not publish.", "normalized_pathway_class": "No dedicated operative statewide pathway identified", "publish_readiness": "Publishable as of 2026-07-25" }, { "dataset_version": "2026-07-25", "jurisdiction_abbr": "MI", "jurisdiction": "Michigan", "operative_status_as_of_2026_07_25": "Operative formal title cancellation/affixture pathway", "pathway_category": "Formal statewide affidavit of affixture", "state_term_or_document": "Affidavit of Affixture", "title_or_ownership_document_action": "The owner records/submits an affidavit of affixture and the Secretary of State cancels the manufactured-home title record when statutory conditions are met.", "land_or_lease_eligibility": "Land ownership qualifies; a lease with at least 20 years remaining can qualify under the statute.", "state_agency": "Michigan Department of State", "local_recording_or_approval_office": "Register of deeds", "main_forms_or_documents": "Affidavit of Affixture; title/MCO; legal description; lien releases; lease/lessor consent if applicable", "key_prerequisites": "Permanent affixation; land ownership or qualifying lease; matching/authorized interests; lien resolution; recordation.", "published_state_fee": "The official statewide conversion source reviewed for this version does not state a single conversion fee; title, recording, tax, inspection, or document charges may still apply.", "published_local_fee": "Local recording, certification, inspection, tax, and related charges are not included unless an official amount is stated in this row.", "filing_deadline_or_timing_rule": "The official statewide conversion source reviewed for this version does not impose one universal day-count for the complete transaction.", "legal_effect_after_completion": "The home is treated as part of the real property and the separate certificate-of-title record is canceled.", "severance_reversal_or_new_title": "Mich. Comp. Laws § 125.2330j provides the severance and new-title procedure.", "pending_or_recent_change": "No enacted future change is incorporated into this dataset row as of July 25, 2026.", "primary_authority": "Mich. Comp. Laws § 125.2330i", "official_primary_source_url": "https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-125-2330i", "additional_official_source_url": "https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-125-2330j", "baseline_synthesis_source_url": "https://singlefamily.fanniemae.com/media/document/pdf/titling-requirements-manufactured-homes", "evidence_tier": "✓", "research_date": "2026-07-25", "verification_note": "Checked against the current official state source(s) listed in this row on 2026-07-25. The row does not infer a fee, deadline, or reversal route that the reviewed source does not publish.", "normalized_pathway_class": "Formal statewide surrender/cancellation/retirement/elimination pathway", "publish_readiness": "Publishable as of 2026-07-25" }, { "dataset_version": "2026-07-25", "jurisdiction_abbr": "MN", "jurisdiction": "Minnesota", "operative_status_as_of_2026_07_25": "Operative formal title cancellation pathway", "pathway_category": "Formal statewide affidavit of affixation and cancellation", "state_term_or_document": "Manufactured Home Affidavit of Affixation; Notice of Cancellation (PS2905)", "title_or_ownership_document_action": "The affidavit is recorded with the county and cancellation documents are filed with Driver and Vehicle Services to cancel the certificate of title.", "land_or_lease_eligibility": "The standard route requires the owner of the home to own the real property.", "state_agency": "Minnesota Driver and Vehicle Services", "local_recording_or_approval_office": "County recorder or registrar of titles", "main_forms_or_documents": "Statutory Affidavit of Affixation; PS2905; title; lien releases; legal description", "key_prerequisites": "Permanent affixation; common ownership; title and lien resolution; county recording.", "published_state_fee": "The official statewide conversion source reviewed for this version does not state a single conversion fee; title, recording, tax, inspection, or document charges may still apply.", "published_local_fee": "Local recording, certification, inspection, tax, and related charges are not included unless an official amount is stated in this row.", "filing_deadline_or_timing_rule": "The official statewide conversion source reviewed for this version does not impose one universal day-count for the complete transaction.", "legal_effect_after_completion": "The home becomes an improvement to the real property and is no longer transferred by vehicle title.", "severance_reversal_or_new_title": "Minn. Stat. § 168A.142 provides the severance and re-title procedure.", "pending_or_recent_change": "No enacted future change is incorporated into this dataset row as of July 25, 2026.", "primary_authority": "Minn. Stat. §§ 168A.1411, 168A.1412, 168A.142", "official_primary_source_url": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/168A.1412", "additional_official_source_url": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/168A.142", "baseline_synthesis_source_url": "https://singlefamily.fanniemae.com/media/document/pdf/titling-requirements-manufactured-homes", "evidence_tier": "✓", "research_date": "2026-07-25", "verification_note": "Checked against the current official state source(s) listed in this row on 2026-07-25. The row does not infer a fee, deadline, or reversal route that the reviewed source does not publish.", "normalized_pathway_class": "Formal statewide surrender/cancellation/retirement/elimination pathway", "publish_readiness": "Publishable as of 2026-07-25" }, { "dataset_version": "2026-07-25", "jurisdiction_abbr": "MS", "jurisdiction": "Mississippi", "operative_status_as_of_2026_07_25": "Operative formal title-retirement pathway under a rule effective 2025-12-08", "pathway_category": "Formal statewide title retirement", "state_term_or_document": "Affidavit of Affixation (Form 78-908); Affidavit of Severance (Form 78-909); Affidavit of Destruction (Form 78-907)", "title_or_ownership_document_action": "The owner records an Affidavit of Affixation with the chancery clerk, files a certified copy and the required ownership evidence through the county tax collector, and the Department of Revenue retires the title.", "land_or_lease_eligibility": "The title-retirement rule requires legal ownership of both the home and the real property to which it is affixed.", "state_agency": "Mississippi Department of Revenue, Title Bureau", "local_recording_or_approval_office": "County tax collector and county land records", "main_forms_or_documents": "Form 78-908; title, MCO, or qualifying Affidavit of Ownership; deed or other instrument of real-property ownership; lien releases; certified recorded affidavit", "key_prerequisites": "Affixation to real property; common legal ownership; chancery-clerk recording; title or substitute ownership proof; liens resolved; filing through the county tax collector.", "published_state_fee": "$9 title-retirement fee; a separate $9 certificate-of-title fee applies after a statutory severance.", "published_local_fee": "Local recording, certification, inspection, tax, and related charges are not included unless an official amount is stated in this row.", "filing_deadline_or_timing_rule": "Filing the retirement application with the Department of Revenue within 60 days after recordation makes completion relate back to the affidavit-recording date.", "legal_effect_after_completion": "After recordation and filing of a conforming retirement application, the home is real property for all purposes and transfers with the land unless the severance or destruction procedure is completed.", "severance_reversal_or_new_title": "Form 78-909 documents severance; after the recorded affidavit, title abstract, lien information, and $9 fee are filed through the tax collector, the Department issues a new certificate of title.", "pending_or_recent_change": "The current manufactured/mobile-home rule was revised effective December 8, 2025 and added detailed retirement, severance, and destruction procedures.", "primary_authority": "Miss. Code Ann. § 63-21-30; 35 Miss. Admin. Code Pt. VII, R. 5.05", "official_primary_source_url": "https://www.dor.ms.gov/motor-vehicle/motor-vehicle-titles/mobilemanufactured-homes", "additional_official_source_url": "https://www.sos.ms.gov/adminsearch/ACProposed/00028305b.pdf", "baseline_synthesis_source_url": "https://singlefamily.fanniemae.com/media/document/pdf/titling-requirements-manufactured-homes", "evidence_tier": "✓", "research_date": "2026-07-25", "verification_note": "Checked against the current official state source(s) listed in this row on 2026-07-25. The row does not infer a fee, deadline, or reversal route that the reviewed source does not publish.", "normalized_pathway_class": "Formal statewide surrender/cancellation/retirement/elimination pathway", "publish_readiness": "Publishable as of 2026-07-25" }, { "dataset_version": "2026-07-25", "jurisdiction_abbr": "MO", "jurisdiction": "Missouri", "operative_status_as_of_2026_07_25": "Operative formal affixation pathway with title/MCO surrender", "pathway_category": "Formal statewide affixation and title-system conversion", "state_term_or_document": "Manufactured Home Affixation or Severance (Forms 5312-5313); Application for Manufactured Home (108-M)", "title_or_ownership_document_action": "The affixation document is recorded with the county recorder; a certified copy, Form 108-M, and the title/MCO are filed with DOR to document conversion.", "land_or_lease_eligibility": "The home must be permanently affixed; the statutory process can accommodate qualifying interests described in Missouri law and current DOR instructions.", "state_agency": "Missouri Department of Revenue, Motor Vehicle Bureau", "local_recording_or_approval_office": "Recorder of deeds", "main_forms_or_documents": "Forms 5312-5313; Form 108-M; title/MCO; lien documentation; certified recorded copy", "key_prerequisites": "Permanent affixation; county recordation; title/MCO submission; lien resolution.", "published_state_fee": "$8.50 title fee plus $9 processing fee ($17.50), excluding county recordation.", "published_local_fee": "Local recording, certification, inspection, tax, and related charges are not included unless an official amount is stated in this row.", "filing_deadline_or_timing_rule": "The certified recorded affixation filing must reach the Department of Revenue within 60 days after county recordation.", "legal_effect_after_completion": "DOR records the home as converted to real property.", "severance_reversal_or_new_title": "Missouri Forms 5312 and 5313 provide the affixation and severance routes; the Department may issue a title after a compliant severance filing.", "pending_or_recent_change": "No enacted future change is incorporated into this dataset row as of July 25, 2026.", "primary_authority": "Mo. Rev. Stat. §§ 442.015, 700.111", "official_primary_source_url": "https://dor.mo.gov/motor-vehicle/manufactured-homes/", "additional_official_source_url": "https://dor.mo.gov/faq/motor-vehicle/manufactured-homes.html", "baseline_synthesis_source_url": "https://singlefamily.fanniemae.com/media/document/pdf/titling-requirements-manufactured-homes", "evidence_tier": "✓", "research_date": "2026-07-25", "verification_note": "Checked against the current official state source(s) listed in this row on 2026-07-25. The row does not infer a fee, deadline, or reversal route that the reviewed source does not publish.", "normalized_pathway_class": "Formal statewide surrender/cancellation/retirement/elimination pathway", "publish_readiness": "Publishable as of 2026-07-25" }, { "dataset_version": "2026-07-25", "jurisdiction_abbr": "MT", "jurisdiction": "Montana", "operative_status_as_of_2026_07_25": "Operative formal declaration/title-cancellation pathway", "pathway_category": "Formal statewide declaration as real-property improvement", "state_term_or_document": "Statement of Intent to Declare a Manufactured Home an Improvement to Real Property (MV72/MV72A)", "title_or_ownership_document_action": "The intent statement is processed through the county and the title is surrendered/canceled as the home is declared an improvement to the real property.", "land_or_lease_eligibility": "The owner must hold the required interest in the land and meet permanent-location conditions.", "state_agency": "Montana Motor Vehicle Division / Department of Justice", "local_recording_or_approval_office": "County clerk and recorder, treasurer, and assessor", "main_forms_or_documents": "MV72/MV72A; Statement of Title Acceptance; title/MCO; legal description; lien releases", "key_prerequisites": "Permanent foundation/location; land interest; taxes and liens resolved; county and state signatures/recording.", "published_state_fee": "The official statewide conversion source reviewed for this version does not state a single conversion fee; title, recording, tax, inspection, or document charges may still apply.", "published_local_fee": "Local recording, certification, inspection, tax, and related charges are not included unless an official amount is stated in this row.", "filing_deadline_or_timing_rule": "The official statewide conversion source reviewed for this version does not impose one universal day-count for the complete transaction.", "legal_effect_after_completion": "The home becomes an improvement to real property and is transferred with the land interest.", "severance_reversal_or_new_title": "Montana uses the MV73/MV73A reversal forms when a declared improvement is removed from real property.", "pending_or_recent_change": "No enacted future change is incorporated into this dataset row as of July 25, 2026.", "primary_authority": "Mont. Code §§ 15-1-116, 15-1-118, 61-3-201", "official_primary_source_url": "https://mvdmt.gov/forms-manuals-vehicle-title-registration/", "additional_official_source_url": "", "baseline_synthesis_source_url": "https://singlefamily.fanniemae.com/media/document/pdf/titling-requirements-manufactured-homes", "evidence_tier": "✓", "research_date": "2026-07-25", "verification_note": "Checked against the current official state source(s) listed in this row on 2026-07-25. The row does not infer a fee, deadline, or reversal route that the reviewed source does not publish.", "normalized_pathway_class": "Formal statewide surrender/cancellation/retirement/elimination pathway", "publish_readiness": "Publishable as of 2026-07-25" }, { "dataset_version": "2026-07-25", "jurisdiction_abbr": "NE", "jurisdiction": "Nebraska", "operative_status_as_of_2026_07_25": "Operative formal affidavit/title-surrender pathway", "pathway_category": "Formal statewide title surrender and affixture", "state_term_or_document": "Affidavit of Affixture; Form 521MH as applicable", "title_or_ownership_document_action": "The owner records the affidavit and surrenders the certificate of title through the county treasurer under the state conversion statute.", "land_or_lease_eligibility": "Land ownership qualifies; a lease with at least 20 years can qualify under current law.", "state_agency": "Nebraska Department of Motor Vehicles", "local_recording_or_approval_office": "County treasurer and register of deeds", "main_forms_or_documents": "Affidavit of Affixture; title/MCO; Form 521MH/tax form as applicable; lien releases; lease consent when applicable", "key_prerequisites": "Permanent affixation; qualifying land interest; lien resolution; county recording and title surrender.", "published_state_fee": "The official statewide conversion source reviewed for this version does not state a single conversion fee; title, recording, tax, inspection, or document charges may still apply.", "published_local_fee": "Local recording, certification, inspection, tax, and related charges are not included unless an official amount is stated in this row.", "filing_deadline_or_timing_rule": "The official statewide conversion source reviewed for this version does not impose one universal day-count for the complete transaction.", "legal_effect_after_completion": "The home is treated as real property after the statutory recording and title surrender.", "severance_reversal_or_new_title": "Nebraska provides an Affidavit of Detachment and a new-title process after removal.", "pending_or_recent_change": "No enacted future change is incorporated into this dataset row as of July 25, 2026.", "primary_authority": "Neb. Rev. Stat. §§ 60-144, 60-169", "official_primary_source_url": "https://dmv.nebraska.gov/dvr/title/manufactured-home", "additional_official_source_url": "https://dmv.nebraska.gov/sites/dmv.nebraska.gov/files/doc/dvr/forms/AffidavitofAffixture.pdf", "baseline_synthesis_source_url": "https://singlefamily.fanniemae.com/media/document/pdf/titling-requirements-manufactured-homes", "evidence_tier": "✓", "research_date": "2026-07-25", "verification_note": "Checked against the current official state source(s) listed in this row on 2026-07-25. The row does not infer a fee, deadline, or reversal route that the reviewed source does not publish.", "normalized_pathway_class": "Formal statewide surrender/cancellation/retirement/elimination pathway", "publish_readiness": "Publishable as of 2026-07-25" }, { "dataset_version": "2026-07-25", "jurisdiction_abbr": "NV", "jurisdiction": "Nevada", "operative_status_as_of_2026_07_25": "Operative formal conversion/title-surrender pathway", "pathway_category": "Formal statewide conversion to real property", "state_term_or_document": "Affidavit/Certificate of Conversion to Real Property (Manufactured Housing Division titling forms, including TL-110 series as applicable)", "title_or_ownership_document_action": "The owner works through the county assessor and Nevada Manufactured Housing Division to convert the home and surrender/cancel ownership documents.", "land_or_lease_eligibility": "The home must be permanently affixed to eligible land and satisfy state and county conditions.", "state_agency": "Nevada Housing Division, Manufactured Housing", "local_recording_or_approval_office": "County assessor and county recorder", "main_forms_or_documents": "Conversion affidavit/certificate; title/ownership documents; assessor certification; lien releases; legal description", "key_prerequisites": "Permanent foundation/affixation; county assessor approval; taxes and liens resolved; state titling action.", "published_state_fee": "The official statewide conversion source reviewed for this version does not state a single conversion fee; title, recording, tax, inspection, or document charges may still apply.", "published_local_fee": "Local recording, certification, inspection, tax, and related charges are not included unless an official amount is stated in this row.", "filing_deadline_or_timing_rule": "The official statewide conversion source reviewed for this version does not impose one universal day-count for the complete transaction.", "legal_effect_after_completion": "The home is converted and assessed/conveyed as real property.", "severance_reversal_or_new_title": "Nev. Rev. Stat. § 361.2445 provides the conversion-back process after removal from real property.", "pending_or_recent_change": "No enacted future change is incorporated into this dataset row as of July 25, 2026.", "primary_authority": "Nev. Rev. Stat. §§ 361.244, 489.501-.581; Nev. Admin. Code § 489.203", "official_primary_source_url": "https://www.leg.state.nv.us/NRS/NRS-361.html#NRS361Sec244", "additional_official_source_url": "https://housing.nv.gov/ManfHousing/Titling/Titling_Forms/", "baseline_synthesis_source_url": "https://singlefamily.fanniemae.com/media/document/pdf/titling-requirements-manufactured-homes", "evidence_tier": "✓", "research_date": "2026-07-25", "verification_note": "Checked against the current official state source(s) listed in this row on 2026-07-25. The row does not infer a fee, deadline, or reversal route that the reviewed source does not publish.", "normalized_pathway_class": "Formal statewide surrender/cancellation/retirement/elimination pathway", "publish_readiness": "Publishable as of 2026-07-25" }, { "dataset_version": "2026-07-25", "jurisdiction_abbr": "NH", "jurisdiction": "New Hampshire", "operative_status_as_of_2026_07_25": "Manufactured homes are treated as real estate by statute; no title-surrender event", "pathway_category": "Automatic/no-title real-property treatment", "state_term_or_document": "Statutory real-estate treatment under RSA 21:21 and RSA 477:44", "title_or_ownership_document_action": "New Hampshire does not use a manufactured-home certificate-of-title cancellation process for this classification.", "land_or_lease_eligibility": "Statute treats manufactured housing as real estate; utility-connected homes on non-owned sites also receive specified real-estate treatment under RSA 477:44.", "state_agency": "No manufactured-home title-cancellation agency", "local_recording_or_approval_office": "Town/city land records and tax officials", "main_forms_or_documents": "Deed, lease or occupancy documents; mortgage; home description; local tax/recording documents", "key_prerequisites": "Compliance with statutory real-estate and local recording/tax requirements; accurate home identification.", "published_state_fee": "No manufactured-home title-surrender fee is published because this jurisdiction does not use a dedicated state title-surrender filing; recording, tax, or other charges may still apply.", "published_local_fee": "Local recording, certification, inspection, tax, and related charges are not included unless an official amount is stated in this row.", "filing_deadline_or_timing_rule": "No manufactured-home-specific surrender deadline applies because the jurisdiction does not use a dedicated statewide surrender filing.", "legal_effect_after_completion": "The home is governed as real estate under the cited statutes rather than through a conversion certificate.", "severance_reversal_or_new_title": "There is no canceled state title to reinstate under this pathway; removal and later ownership treatment follow the applicable property, recording, and ownership-document rules.", "pending_or_recent_change": "No enacted future change is incorporated into this dataset row as of July 25, 2026.", "primary_authority": "N.H. Rev. Stat. §§ 21:21(II), 477:44", "official_primary_source_url": "https://gc.nh.gov/rsa/html/I/21/21-21.htm", "additional_official_source_url": "https://gc.nh.gov/rsa/html/XLVIII/477/477-44.htm", "baseline_synthesis_source_url": "https://singlefamily.fanniemae.com/media/document/pdf/titling-requirements-manufactured-homes", "evidence_tier": "✓", "research_date": "2026-07-25", "verification_note": "Checked against the current official state source(s) listed in this row on 2026-07-25. The row does not infer a fee, deadline, or reversal route that the reviewed source does not publish.", "normalized_pathway_class": "Automatic/no-title real-property treatment", "publish_readiness": "Publishable as of 2026-07-25" }, { "dataset_version": "2026-07-25", "jurisdiction_abbr": "NJ", "jurisdiction": "New Jersey", "operative_status_as_of_2026_07_25": "Limited statutory treatment; no broad, uniform surrender dataset comparable to formal conversion states", "pathway_category": "Limited/nonuniform title and tax-status pathway", "state_term_or_document": "MVC title cancellation in limited circumstances; real-property-tax exclusion from title law", "title_or_ownership_document_action": "New Jersey title law excludes certain homes taxed as real property, while limited cancellation procedures may apply to previously titled homes; the route is not a single broad statewide affixation packet.", "land_or_lease_eligibility": "Depends on the home's tax classification, land interest, age/title history, and local records.", "state_agency": "New Jersey Motor Vehicle Commission", "local_recording_or_approval_office": "Municipal/county tax and land-recording officials", "main_forms_or_documents": "MVC title documents where applicable; tax records; deed/lease; ownership evidence; lien releases", "key_prerequisites": "Confirm whether the home is required to be titled, is already taxed as real property, and whether MVC cancellation is available; coordinate with local tax and land records.", "published_state_fee": "The official statewide conversion source reviewed for this version does not state a single conversion fee; title, recording, tax, inspection, or document charges may still apply.", "published_local_fee": "Local recording, certification, inspection, tax, and related charges are not included unless an official amount is stated in this row.", "filing_deadline_or_timing_rule": "Timing depends on the county or local process identified for the property.", "legal_effect_after_completion": "Real-property treatment may arise from tax/land status rather than a universal title-surrender affidavit.", "severance_reversal_or_new_title": "The applicable county and state title records control any return to separate personal-property treatment.", "pending_or_recent_change": "No enacted future change is incorporated into this dataset row as of July 25, 2026.", "primary_authority": "N.J. Stat. §§ 39:10-2, 39:10-8, 39:10-11", "official_primary_source_url": "https://www.nj.gov/mvc/vehicles/mobilehome.htm", "additional_official_source_url": "https://lis.njleg.state.nj.us/nxt/gateway.dll/statutes/1/38676/38855", "baseline_synthesis_source_url": "https://singlefamily.fanniemae.com/media/document/pdf/titling-requirements-manufactured-homes", "evidence_tier": "✓", "research_date": "2026-07-25", "verification_note": "Checked against the current official state source(s) listed in this row on 2026-07-25. The row does not infer a fee, deadline, or reversal route that the reviewed source does not publish.", "normalized_pathway_class": "Limited or county-dependent pathway", "publish_readiness": "Publishable as of 2026-07-25" }, { "dataset_version": "2026-07-25", "jurisdiction_abbr": "NM", "jurisdiction": "New Mexico", "operative_status_as_of_2026_07_25": "Operative formal title-deactivation pathway", "pathway_category": "Formal statewide title deactivation", "state_term_or_document": "Deactivation of title; Tax Status Certification (MVD-10063)", "title_or_ownership_document_action": "The owner obtains tax/assessor documentation and records the required documents with the county, after which MVD deactivates the title record.", "land_or_lease_eligibility": "The home and land generally must have common ownership.", "state_agency": "New Mexico Motor Vehicle Division", "local_recording_or_approval_office": "County assessor and county clerk", "main_forms_or_documents": "Title; MVD-10063; assessor valuation/tax status; deactivation application; lien releases; legal description", "key_prerequisites": "Permanent affixation; common ownership; tax status certification; lien resolution; county recordation.", "published_state_fee": "The official statewide conversion source reviewed for this version does not state a single conversion fee; title, recording, tax, inspection, or document charges may still apply.", "published_local_fee": "Local recording, certification, inspection, tax, and related charges are not included unless an official amount is stated in this row.", "filing_deadline_or_timing_rule": "The official statewide conversion source reviewed for this version does not impose one universal day-count for the complete transaction.", "legal_effect_after_completion": "The home is deactivated from the motor-vehicle title system and treated with the real property.", "severance_reversal_or_new_title": "New Mexico provides title reactivation after removal when the current MVD, assessor, lien, and recording requirements are satisfied.", "pending_or_recent_change": "No enacted future change is incorporated into this dataset row as of July 25, 2026.", "primary_authority": "N.M. Stat. § 66-3-4", "official_primary_source_url": "https://www.srca.nm.gov/parts/title18/18.019.0003.html", "additional_official_source_url": "https://www.mvd.newmexico.gov/forms/most-popular-forms/", "baseline_synthesis_source_url": "https://singlefamily.fanniemae.com/media/document/pdf/titling-requirements-manufactured-homes", "evidence_tier": "✓", "research_date": "2026-07-25", "verification_note": "Checked against the current official state source(s) listed in this row on 2026-07-25. The row does not infer a fee, deadline, or reversal route that the reviewed source does not publish.", "normalized_pathway_class": "Formal statewide surrender/cancellation/retirement/elimination pathway", "publish_readiness": "Publishable as of 2026-07-25" }, { "dataset_version": "2026-07-25", "jurisdiction_abbr": "NY", "jurisdiction": "New York", "operative_status_as_of_2026_07_25": "No operative title-surrender pathway yet; enacted process becomes effective 2026-12-12", "pathway_category": "Enacted-but-not-yet-effective formal conversion", "state_term_or_document": "New York Land-Home Property Act; Affidavit of Affixation; applications to surrender MCO/title or confirm conversion", "title_or_ownership_document_action": "As of 2026-07-25, current law does not yet operate as a title-surrender pathway. Beginning 2026-12-12, owners will be able to record an Affidavit of Affixation and file with DMV to surrender/cancel an MCO or title, or confirm conversion where ownership documents are unavailable.", "land_or_lease_eligibility": "The enacted law requires permanent foundation and identical home/land ownership, but also permits a recordable lease with lessor consent.", "state_agency": "New York Department of Motor Vehicles", "local_recording_or_approval_office": "County clerk", "main_forms_or_documents": "Affidavit of Affixation; application to surrender MCO/title or confirm conversion; original ownership document when available; lien releases; legal description", "key_prerequisites": "Permanent foundation and utility connection under the enacted definition; recorded affidavit; ownership or qualifying lease; all security interests released before title surrender.", "published_state_fee": "The enacted process is not operative until December 12, 2026; the final DMV fee schedule and implementing forms control after that date.", "published_local_fee": "Local recording, certification, inspection, tax, and related charges are not included unless an official amount is stated in this row.", "filing_deadline_or_timing_rule": "The enacted process becomes effective December 12, 2026; it is not operative on July 25, 2026.", "legal_effect_after_completion": "Once all enacted steps are completed, the home will be deemed real property and conveyed/encumbered with the land or qualifying leasehold.", "severance_reversal_or_new_title": "The official conversion source reviewed for this version does not set out a separate statewide restoration route in the material cited here.", "pending_or_recent_change": "Chapter 636 of the Laws of 2025 was signed December 12, 2025 and becomes effective December 12, 2026. The process is not operative on the dataset date.", "primary_authority": "N.Y. Laws 2025, ch. 636; VTL §§ 2117-a to 2117-c (effective 2026-12-12); RPL art. 9-E (effective 2026-12-12)", "official_primary_source_url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2025/S7120", "additional_official_source_url": "https://www.tax.ny.gov/pdf/publications/orpts/legis/legsum25.pdf", "baseline_synthesis_source_url": "https://singlefamily.fanniemae.com/media/document/pdf/titling-requirements-manufactured-homes", "evidence_tier": "✓", "research_date": "2026-07-25", "verification_note": "Checked against the current official state source(s) listed in this row on 2026-07-25. The row does not infer a fee, deadline, or reversal route that the reviewed source does not publish.", "normalized_pathway_class": "Enacted formal pathway not yet effective", "publish_readiness": "Publishable as of 2026-07-25" }, { "dataset_version": "2026-07-25", "jurisdiction_abbr": "NC", "jurisdiction": "North Carolina", "operative_status_as_of_2026_07_25": "Operative formal removal-from-title-files pathway", "pathway_category": "Formal statewide title surrender/removal from registration files", "state_term_or_document": "MVR-46G / affidavit for removal of manufactured home from registration files", "title_or_ownership_document_action": "The owner records the statutory affidavit and submits the title and required documents to DMV so the home is removed from the certificate-of-title system.", "land_or_lease_eligibility": "Land ownership qualifies; a lease with at least 20 years may qualify under current statutes.", "state_agency": "North Carolina Division of Motor Vehicles", "local_recording_or_approval_office": "Register of deeds", "main_forms_or_documents": "MVR-46G; title/MCO; recorded affidavit; legal description; lien releases; lease documents when applicable", "key_prerequisites": "Permanent affixation; qualifying land interest; recordation; lien resolution; title submission.", "published_state_fee": "$5 title-cancellation fee authorized by N.C. Gen. Stat. § 20-109.2(c).", "published_local_fee": "Local recording, certification, inspection, tax, and related charges are not included unless an official amount is stated in this row.", "filing_deadline_or_timing_rule": "The official statewide conversion source reviewed for this version does not impose one universal day-count for the complete transaction.", "legal_effect_after_completion": "The home is treated as part of the real property and no longer transferred through the title file.", "severance_reversal_or_new_title": "North Carolina provides a new-title route when the home is severed and the statutory affidavit, ownership, and lien requirements are met.", "pending_or_recent_change": "No enacted future change is incorporated into this dataset row as of July 25, 2026.", "primary_authority": "N.C. Gen. Stat. §§ 20-109.2, 47-20.6, 47-20.7", "official_primary_source_url": "https://www.ncleg.gov/EnactedLegislation/Statutes/PDF/BySection/Chapter_20/GS_20-109.2.pdf", "additional_official_source_url": "https://www.ncleg.gov/EnactedLegislation/Statutes/PDF/BySection/Chapter_47/GS_47-20.7.pdf", "baseline_synthesis_source_url": "https://singlefamily.fanniemae.com/media/document/pdf/titling-requirements-manufactured-homes", "evidence_tier": "✓", "research_date": "2026-07-25", "verification_note": "Checked against the current official state source(s) listed in this row on 2026-07-25. The row does not infer a fee, deadline, or reversal route that the reviewed source does not publish.", "normalized_pathway_class": "Formal statewide surrender/cancellation/retirement/elimination pathway", "publish_readiness": "Publishable as of 2026-07-25" }, { "dataset_version": "2026-07-25", "jurisdiction_abbr": "ND", "jurisdiction": "North Dakota", "operative_status_as_of_2026_07_25": "Operative formal affidavit-of-affixation and title/MCO-surrender pathway", "pathway_category": "Formal statewide affidavit of affixation and title surrender", "state_term_or_document": "Affidavit of Affixation; application to surrender MCO or certificate of title", "title_or_ownership_document_action": "The owner records an affidavit of affixation under N.D.C.C. § 47-10-27 and files the recorded affidavit plus the applicable MCO, title, or confirmation-of-conversion application with the Department of Transportation under § 39-05-35.", "land_or_lease_eligibility": "Land ownership qualifies; a lease with at least 20 years can qualify under current law.", "state_agency": "North Dakota Department of Transportation, Motor Vehicle Division", "local_recording_or_approval_office": "County recorder and county treasurer/tax officials", "main_forms_or_documents": "Affidavit of Affixation; application to surrender the MCO or certificate of title, or confirmation-of-conversion application; recorded affidavit; lien releases; ownership and land documents", "key_prerequisites": "Permanent affixation; qualifying land interest; lien and tax resolution; recording and title surrender.", "published_state_fee": "The official statewide conversion source reviewed for this version does not state a single conversion fee; title, recording, tax, inspection, or document charges may still apply.", "published_local_fee": "Local recording, certification, inspection, tax, and related charges are not included unless an official amount is stated in this row.", "filing_deadline_or_timing_rule": "If the surrender application is delivered within 60 days after the affidavit of affixation is recorded and the Department accepts it, completion relates back to the affidavit-recording date.", "legal_effect_after_completion": "After the statutory affixation, recording, and Department filing requirements are satisfied, the home is deemed real property and is conveyed and encumbered with the land.", "severance_reversal_or_new_title": "The current conversion sections reviewed for this version do not publish a separate manufactured-home severance or title-restoration procedure.", "pending_or_recent_change": "No enacted future change is incorporated into this dataset row as of July 25, 2026.", "primary_authority": "N.D. Cent. Code §§ 39-05-35, 39-05-22, 47-10-27", "official_primary_source_url": "https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t39c05.pdf", "additional_official_source_url": "https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t47c10.pdf", "baseline_synthesis_source_url": "https://singlefamily.fanniemae.com/media/document/pdf/titling-requirements-manufactured-homes", "evidence_tier": "✓", "research_date": "2026-07-25", "verification_note": "Checked against the current official state source(s) listed in this row on 2026-07-25. The row does not infer a fee, deadline, or reversal route that the reviewed source does not publish.", "normalized_pathway_class": "Formal statewide surrender/cancellation/retirement/elimination pathway", "publish_readiness": "Publishable as of 2026-07-25" }, { "dataset_version": "2026-07-25", "jurisdiction_abbr": "OH", "jurisdiction": "Ohio", "operative_status_as_of_2026_07_25": "Operative formal title-surrender/deactivation pathway", "pathway_category": "Formal statewide county-auditor surrender", "state_term_or_document": "Surrender of certificate of title for conversion to real property", "title_or_ownership_document_action": "The owner presents the title and required evidence to the county auditor/clerk process so the title is surrendered and the home is entered on the real-property tax list.", "land_or_lease_eligibility": "The owner generally must own the land, the home must be permanently affixed, and taxes must be paid.", "state_agency": "Ohio Bureau of Motor Vehicles / county clerk of courts", "local_recording_or_approval_office": "County auditor and clerk of courts title office", "main_forms_or_documents": "Title; auditor application/affidavit; tax proof; foundation/affixation evidence; lien releases", "key_prerequisites": "Permanent foundation; common ownership; taxes current; lien resolution; county auditor approval.", "published_state_fee": "The official statewide conversion source reviewed for this version does not state a single conversion fee; title, recording, tax, inspection, or document charges may still apply.", "published_local_fee": "Local recording, certification, inspection, tax, and related charges are not included unless an official amount is stated in this row.", "filing_deadline_or_timing_rule": "The official statewide conversion source reviewed for this version does not impose one universal day-count for the complete transaction.", "legal_effect_after_completion": "The title is inactivated/surrendered and the home is assessed and transferred as real property.", "severance_reversal_or_new_title": "Ohio law provides a new-title route when a manufactured or mobile home is removed from real property and the statutory title and tax requirements are met.", "pending_or_recent_change": "No enacted future change is incorporated into this dataset row as of July 25, 2026.", "primary_authority": "Ohio Rev. Code §§ 4505.11(H), 4503.06", "official_primary_source_url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/section-4505.11", "additional_official_source_url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/section-4503.06", "baseline_synthesis_source_url": "https://singlefamily.fanniemae.com/media/document/pdf/titling-requirements-manufactured-homes", "evidence_tier": "✓", "research_date": "2026-07-25", "verification_note": "Checked against the current official state source(s) listed in this row on 2026-07-25. The row does not infer a fee, deadline, or reversal route that the reviewed source does not publish.", "normalized_pathway_class": "Formal statewide surrender/cancellation/retirement/elimination pathway", "publish_readiness": "Publishable as of 2026-07-25" }, { "dataset_version": "2026-07-25", "jurisdiction_abbr": "OK", "jurisdiction": "Oklahoma", "operative_status_as_of_2026_07_25": "Operative formal title-cancellation pathway", "pathway_category": "Formal statewide title cancellation", "state_term_or_document": "Application for Title Cancellation of a Manufactured Home Permanently Affixed to Real Estate (Form 756)", "title_or_ownership_document_action": "The owner follows Packet 756 to obtain local assessor/recording acknowledgments and cancel the manufactured-home title record.", "land_or_lease_eligibility": "The home must be permanently affixed and qualify for real-property assessment; land/home interest requirements in the packet must be met.", "state_agency": "Service Oklahoma", "local_recording_or_approval_office": "County assessor and county clerk", "main_forms_or_documents": "Packet 756: Form 756, FL-756, title, county-assessor certification, and lien-release evidence", "key_prerequisites": "Permanent affixation; real-property assessment; taxes and liens resolved; county and state filings.", "published_state_fee": "$5 title-cancellation application fee.", "published_local_fee": "Local recording, certification, inspection, tax, and related charges are not included unless an official amount is stated in this row.", "filing_deadline_or_timing_rule": "The cancellation application must be made within 60 days after the county assessor’s confirmation date.", "legal_effect_after_completion": "The title is canceled and the home is treated through real-property records.", "severance_reversal_or_new_title": "Form 701-45 is the current application to reinstate a canceled title; it requires the owner attestation and a current attorney title opinion described on the form.", "pending_or_recent_change": "No enacted future change is incorporated into this dataset row as of July 25, 2026.", "primary_authority": "47 Okla. Stat. § 1110; Service Oklahoma Packet 756 and Form 701-45", "official_primary_source_url": "https://oklahoma.gov/content/dam/service-oklahoma/Documents/mv-forms/Packet%20756%20-%20Title%20Cancellation%20of%20a%20Manufactured%20Home.pdf", "additional_official_source_url": "https://oklahoma.gov/content/dam/service-oklahoma/Documents/mv-forms/2023/701-45%20Manufactured%20Home%20Reinstatement%20of%20Canceled%20Title%20R01-2023.pdf", "baseline_synthesis_source_url": "https://singlefamily.fanniemae.com/media/document/pdf/titling-requirements-manufactured-homes", "evidence_tier": "✓", "research_date": "2026-07-25", "verification_note": "Checked against the current official state source(s) listed in this row on 2026-07-25. The row does not infer a fee, deadline, or reversal route that the reviewed source does not publish.", "normalized_pathway_class": "Formal statewide surrender/cancellation/retirement/elimination pathway", "publish_readiness": "Publishable as of 2026-07-25" }, { "dataset_version": "2026-07-25", "jurisdiction_abbr": "OR", "jurisdiction": "Oregon", "operative_status_as_of_2026_07_25": "Operative formal recording-as-real-property pathway", "pathway_category": "Formal statewide ownership-document cancellation/nonissuance", "state_term_or_document": "Application for Recording Manufactured Home as Real Property (current Building Codes Division form set, including Form 5176/related forms)", "title_or_ownership_document_action": "The county assessor/recorder and Building Codes Division process the home as real property and cancel or avoid issuing a separate ownership document when statutory requirements are met.", "land_or_lease_eligibility": "Land ownership qualifies; a lease with at least 20 years may qualify, including specified nonprofit/cooperative arrangements.", "state_agency": "Oregon Building Codes Division", "local_recording_or_approval_office": "County assessor and county recorder", "main_forms_or_documents": "Real-property recording application; ownership document/title or MCO; tax certification; lien releases; deed or qualifying lease", "key_prerequisites": "Permanent siting; land or qualifying lease interest; tax and lien resolution; county/state recording.", "published_state_fee": "The official statewide conversion source reviewed for this version does not state a single conversion fee; title, recording, tax, inspection, or document charges may still apply.", "published_local_fee": "Local recording, certification, inspection, tax, and related charges are not included unless an official amount is stated in this row.", "filing_deadline_or_timing_rule": "The official statewide conversion source reviewed for this version does not impose one universal day-count for the complete transaction.", "legal_effect_after_completion": "The home is recorded and conveyed as real property rather than under a separate ownership document.", "severance_reversal_or_new_title": "Oregon provides a removal-from-real-property process and issuance of an ownership document through the county and Building Codes Division.", "pending_or_recent_change": "No enacted future change is incorporated into this dataset row as of July 25, 2026.", "primary_authority": "Or. Rev. Stat. §§ 446.576, 446.626, 446.736", "official_primary_source_url": "https://www.oregonlegislature.gov/bills_laws/ors/ors446.html", "additional_official_source_url": "https://www.oregon.gov/bcd/man-home-own/pages/man-home-own-forms.aspx", "baseline_synthesis_source_url": "https://singlefamily.fanniemae.com/media/document/pdf/titling-requirements-manufactured-homes", "evidence_tier": "✓", "research_date": "2026-07-25", "verification_note": "Checked against the current official state source(s) listed in this row on 2026-07-25. The row does not infer a fee, deadline, or reversal route that the reviewed source does not publish.", "normalized_pathway_class": "Formal statewide surrender/cancellation/retirement/elimination pathway", "publish_readiness": "Publishable as of 2026-07-25" }, { "dataset_version": "2026-07-25", "jurisdiction_abbr": "PA", "jurisdiction": "Pennsylvania", "operative_status_as_of_2026_07_25": "Operative formal certificate-of-title cancellation pathway", "pathway_category": "Formal statewide title cancellation", "state_term_or_document": "Application for Cancellation of Certificate of Title (MV-16)", "title_or_ownership_document_action": "The owner submits MV-16 and the title/MCO and supporting documents to PennDOT so the manufactured-home title is canceled when affixed to real estate.", "land_or_lease_eligibility": "The home must be affixed to real property; the cancellation application and certificate of title are submitted under 75 Pa. Cons. Stat. § 1140.", "state_agency": "Pennsylvania Department of Transportation", "local_recording_or_approval_office": "County recorder / real-property records as applicable", "main_forms_or_documents": "Form MV-16; Pennsylvania title or ownership document; lien releases; proof of affixation to real property", "key_prerequisites": "Permanent affixation; title and lien resolution; real-property documentation.", "published_state_fee": "The official statewide conversion source reviewed for this version does not state a single conversion fee; title, recording, tax, inspection, or document charges may still apply.", "published_local_fee": "Local recording, certification, inspection, tax, and related charges are not included unless an official amount is stated in this row.", "filing_deadline_or_timing_rule": "The official statewide conversion source reviewed for this version does not impose one universal day-count for the complete transaction.", "legal_effect_after_completion": "The home is treated as real property and the separate certificate of title is canceled.", "severance_reversal_or_new_title": "Section 1140(b) provides a new-title route after cancellation, including a title application and the attorney or title-company certification and ownership documents required by the statute.", "pending_or_recent_change": "No enacted future change is incorporated into this dataset row as of July 25, 2026.", "primary_authority": "75 Pa. Cons. Stat. § 1140", "official_primary_source_url": "https://www.legis.state.pa.us/WU01/LI/LI/CT/HTM/75/00.011.040.000..HTM", "additional_official_source_url": "https://www.pa.gov/content/dam/copapwp-pagov/en/dmv/documents/vehicle-services/title-registration/documents/mv-16.pdf", "baseline_synthesis_source_url": "https://singlefamily.fanniemae.com/media/document/pdf/titling-requirements-manufactured-homes", "evidence_tier": "✓", "research_date": "2026-07-25", "verification_note": "Checked against the current official state source(s) listed in this row on 2026-07-25. The row does not infer a fee, deadline, or reversal route that the reviewed source does not publish.", "normalized_pathway_class": "Formal statewide surrender/cancellation/retirement/elimination pathway", "publish_readiness": "Publishable as of 2026-07-25" }, { "dataset_version": "2026-07-25", "jurisdiction_abbr": "RI", "jurisdiction": "Rhode Island", "operative_status_as_of_2026_07_25": "Operative ownership-recording route; manufactured homes are not titled", "pathway_category": "Functional real-property/ownership recording without title surrender", "state_term_or_document": "Municipal Recorder of Deeds filing of ownership/conveyance instrument", "title_or_ownership_document_action": "The owner records the MCO or other deed/instrument evidencing ownership with the city or town recorder; there is no certificate-of-title cancellation event.", "land_or_lease_eligibility": "Real-property treatment depends on attachment, intent, land rights, and recorded documents.", "state_agency": "No manufactured-home title agency", "local_recording_or_approval_office": "Recorder of Deeds for the city or town where the home is located", "main_forms_or_documents": "MCO or ownership instrument; deed/assignment; documentary tax stamps; mortgage/fixture description; tie-down/installation evidence", "key_prerequisites": "Proper tie-down/attachment; original instrument; taxes/stamps; municipal recordation; clear ownership and lien documentation.", "published_state_fee": "No manufactured-home title-surrender fee is published because this jurisdiction does not use a dedicated state title-surrender filing; recording, tax, or other charges may still apply.", "published_local_fee": "Local recording, certification, inspection, tax, and related charges are not included unless an official amount is stated in this row.", "filing_deadline_or_timing_rule": "An instrument conveying an interest in a manufactured home must be recorded within 10 days after execution under R.I. Gen. Laws § 31-44-4.1.", "legal_effect_after_completion": "Ownership and real-property treatment are evidenced through municipal land records and fixture law.", "severance_reversal_or_new_title": "There is no canceled state title to reinstate under this pathway; removal and later ownership treatment follow the applicable property, recording, and ownership-document rules.", "pending_or_recent_change": "No enacted future change is incorporated into this dataset row as of July 25, 2026.", "primary_authority": "R.I. Gen. Laws §§ 31-44-4.1, 34-13-1, 31-44-21, 44-25-4.1", "official_primary_source_url": "https://webserver.rilegislature.gov/Statutes/TITLE31/31-44/31-44-4.1.htm", "additional_official_source_url": "", "baseline_synthesis_source_url": "https://singlefamily.fanniemae.com/media/document/pdf/titling-requirements-manufactured-homes", "evidence_tier": "✓", "research_date": "2026-07-25", "verification_note": "Checked against the current official state source(s) listed in this row on 2026-07-25. The row does not infer a fee, deadline, or reversal route that the reviewed source does not publish.", "normalized_pathway_class": "Functional real-property pathway without literal title surrender", "publish_readiness": "Publishable as of 2026-07-25" }, { "dataset_version": "2026-07-25", "jurisdiction_abbr": "SC", "jurisdiction": "South Carolina", "operative_status_as_of_2026_07_25": "Operative formal title-retirement/de-titling pathway", "pathway_category": "Formal statewide title retirement", "state_term_or_document": "Manufactured Home Affidavit for the Retirement of Title Certificate / Retirement of Title Certificate", "title_or_ownership_document_action": "The owner records the statutory retirement affidavit with the register of deeds or clerk of court and mails the county-stamped document, South Carolina title, lien documentation, property-tax proof, and fee to SCDMV.", "land_or_lease_eligibility": "The standard path requires unity of home and land ownership; a recorded leasehold of at least 35 years can qualify when the lease authorizes encumbrance.", "state_agency": "South Carolina Department of Motor Vehicles", "local_recording_or_approval_office": "County register of deeds or clerk of court", "main_forms_or_documents": "Owner-signed Manufactured Home Affidavit for the Retirement of Title Certificate; South Carolina title; lien release, secured-party consent, or statutory lien affidavit; paid-tax receipt or no-tax-due letter", "key_prerequisites": "Permanent installation; wheels, axles, and towing hitch removed; qualifying land ownership or 35-year recorded leasehold; county recordation; code-compliance evidence where required; liens and taxes resolved.", "published_state_fee": "$50 current SCDMV de-titling fee; S.C. Code § 56-19-520 caps the department fee at $50.", "published_local_fee": "South Carolina’s uniform recording schedule is $25 per document affecting title or possession of real property. Horry County’s posted manufactured-home instrument list shows $25 for retirement, lien, severance, and satisfaction documents.", "filing_deadline_or_timing_rule": "The official statewide conversion source reviewed for this version does not impose one universal day-count for the complete transaction.", "legal_effect_after_completion": "After filing, the home is treated as real property for statutory purposes and SCDMV provides written confirmation of de-titling.", "severance_reversal_or_new_title": "A severance affidavit must be recorded when a retired home is moved. If the home crosses county lines, South Carolina law requires filing in both the departure and destination counties; a new title is required when the home will not be reattached to real property.", "pending_or_recent_change": "No enacted future change is incorporated into this dataset row as of July 25, 2026.", "primary_authority": "S.C. Code §§ 56-19-500 to 56-19-560", "official_primary_source_url": "https://www.scstatehouse.gov/code/t56c019.php", "additional_official_source_url": "https://dmv.sc.gov/vehicle-owners/types-of-vehicles/mobile-home", "baseline_synthesis_source_url": "https://singlefamily.fanniemae.com/media/document/pdf/titling-requirements-manufactured-homes", "evidence_tier": "✓", "research_date": "2026-07-25", "verification_note": "Checked against the current official state source(s) listed in this row on 2026-07-25. The row does not infer a fee, deadline, or reversal route that the reviewed source does not publish.", "normalized_pathway_class": "Formal statewide surrender/cancellation/retirement/elimination pathway", "publish_readiness": "Publishable as of 2026-07-25" }, { "dataset_version": "2026-07-25", "jurisdiction_abbr": "SD", "jurisdiction": "South Dakota", "operative_status_as_of_2026_07_25": "Operative formal ownership-document surrender/conversion pathway", "pathway_category": "Formal statewide title/statement-of-ownership surrender", "state_term_or_document": "Mobile/Manufactured Home Affidavit (Form 1009) and title-surrender process", "title_or_ownership_document_action": "The owner submits the forms, original title/MCO, and purchase agreement to the county treasurer, which forwards the package to the Motor Vehicle Division; the state may retain only an electronic ownership record.", "land_or_lease_eligibility": "The home must be affixed to real property owned by the home owner.", "state_agency": "South Dakota Department of Revenue, Motor Vehicle Division", "local_recording_or_approval_office": "County treasurer", "main_forms_or_documents": "Form 1009; title or MCO; ownership, lien, tax, and county-treasurer documents", "key_prerequisites": "Permanent affixation; common land/home ownership; title/MCO submission; county processing.", "published_state_fee": "The official statewide conversion source reviewed for this version does not state a single conversion fee; title, recording, tax, inspection, or document charges may still apply.", "published_local_fee": "Local recording, certification, inspection, tax, and related charges are not included unless an official amount is stated in this row.", "filing_deadline_or_timing_rule": "The official statewide conversion source reviewed for this version does not impose one universal day-count for the complete transaction.", "legal_effect_after_completion": "The state records the home as converted to real property; direct confirmation may require a Form 1202 records request.", "severance_reversal_or_new_title": "S.D. Codified Laws § 32-3-3.3 provides the route to obtain a title before removal from real property, including tax and lien-search documentation.", "pending_or_recent_change": "No enacted future change is incorporated into this dataset row as of July 25, 2026.", "primary_authority": "S.D. Codified Laws §§ 32-3-3.2, 32-3-3.3", "official_primary_source_url": "https://sdlegislature.gov/Statutes/32-3-3.2", "additional_official_source_url": "https://dor.sd.gov/individuals/motor-vehicle/mobile-manufactured-homes/", "baseline_synthesis_source_url": "https://singlefamily.fanniemae.com/media/document/pdf/titling-requirements-manufactured-homes", "evidence_tier": "✓", "research_date": "2026-07-25", "verification_note": "Checked against the current official state source(s) listed in this row on 2026-07-25. The row does not infer a fee, deadline, or reversal route that the reviewed source does not publish.", "normalized_pathway_class": "Formal statewide surrender/cancellation/retirement/elimination pathway", "publish_readiness": "Publishable as of 2026-07-25" }, { "dataset_version": "2026-07-25", "jurisdiction_abbr": "TN", "jurisdiction": "Tennessee", "operative_status_as_of_2026_07_25": "Operative formal de-titling pathway", "pathway_category": "Formal statewide affidavit/title surrender", "state_term_or_document": "Affidavit of Affixation for Manufactured or Mobile Home; de-titling request under Tenn. Code § 55-3-128", "title_or_ownership_document_action": "The owner records the Affidavit of Affixation in the county real-property records and submits a de-titling request, title or certificate of origin, certified deed or conveyance instrument, and certified recorded affidavit to Tennessee Vehicle Services.", "land_or_lease_eligibility": "The standard route requires permanent affixation and aligned ownership interests.", "state_agency": "Tennessee Department of Revenue, Vehicle Services", "local_recording_or_approval_office": "County clerk and county register of deeds", "main_forms_or_documents": "Affidavit of Affixation for Manufactured or Mobile Home; letter requesting de-titling; title or certificate of origin; certified deed or conveyance instrument; certified recorded affidavit", "key_prerequisites": "Permanent affixation; common ownership; title and lien resolution; county recording and state submission.", "published_state_fee": "The official statewide conversion source reviewed for this version does not state a single conversion fee; title, recording, tax, inspection, or document charges may still apply.", "published_local_fee": "Local recording, certification, inspection, tax, and related charges are not included unless an official amount is stated in this row.", "filing_deadline_or_timing_rule": "The official statewide conversion source reviewed for this version does not impose one universal day-count for the complete transaction.", "legal_effect_after_completion": "The home is treated and financed with the real property after de-titling.", "severance_reversal_or_new_title": "The current Tennessee Department of Revenue de-titling guidance and affidavit cited here do not publish a separate statewide title-restoration procedure.", "pending_or_recent_change": "No enacted future change is incorporated into this dataset row as of July 25, 2026.", "primary_authority": "Tenn. Code § 55-3-128; Tennessee Department of Revenue VTR-63 guidance", "official_primary_source_url": "https://revenue.support.tn.gov/hc/en-us/articles/360060412111-VTR-63-How-to-De-title-a-Mobile-Home", "additional_official_source_url": "https://www.tn.gov/content/dam/tn/revenue/documents/forms/titlereg/f1322101Fillin.pdf", "baseline_synthesis_source_url": "https://singlefamily.fanniemae.com/media/document/pdf/titling-requirements-manufactured-homes", "evidence_tier": "✓", "research_date": "2026-07-25", "verification_note": "Checked against the current official state source(s) listed in this row on 2026-07-25. The row does not infer a fee, deadline, or reversal route that the reviewed source does not publish.", "normalized_pathway_class": "Formal statewide surrender/cancellation/retirement/elimination pathway", "publish_readiness": "Publishable as of 2026-07-25" }, { "dataset_version": "2026-07-25", "jurisdiction_abbr": "TX", "jurisdiction": "Texas", "operative_status_as_of_2026_07_25": "Operative real-property election through the Statement of Ownership; no literal vehicle-title surrender", "pathway_category": "Functional statewide real-property election", "state_term_or_document": "Statement of Ownership real-property election; Application for Statement of Ownership and MHD Form 1037 instructions", "title_or_ownership_document_action": "The owner elects real-property status in the Statement of Ownership, records the certified statement in county real-property records, and coordinates the election with TDHCA and the appraisal district.", "land_or_lease_eligibility": "Land ownership qualifies; a long-term lease qualifies if each lienholder consents, or if unfinanced, the lease is at least five years.", "state_agency": "Texas Department of Housing and Community Affairs, Manufactured Housing Division", "local_recording_or_approval_office": "County clerk and county appraisal district", "main_forms_or_documents": "Application for Statement of Ownership; MHD Form 1037 instructions; certified Statement of Ownership; deed or qualifying lease; lien and tax documentation", "key_prerequisites": "Home attached to the land; ownership or qualifying long-term lease; lienholder approvals; county recordation and appraisal-district notice.", "published_state_fee": "$55 Statement of Ownership issuance fee for the real-property transaction; additional seal, inspection, priority, or other transaction fees can apply when triggered.", "published_local_fee": "Local recording, certification, inspection, tax, and related charges are not included unless an official amount is stated in this row.", "filing_deadline_or_timing_rule": "Texas law and TDHCA instructions impose transaction-specific filing and recording timing. The current application instructions should control the exact deadline for the transaction being documented.", "legal_effect_after_completion": "The home is treated as real property through the certified Statement of Ownership and county land records.", "severance_reversal_or_new_title": "TDHCA permits conversion back to personal property through a revised Statement of Ownership, current lien and tax documentation, and any required inspection.", "pending_or_recent_change": "No enacted future change is incorporated into this dataset row as of July 25, 2026.", "primary_authority": "Tex. Occ. Code §§ 1201.2055, 1201.207, 1201.222; 10 Tex. Admin. Code § 80.90; MHD Form 1037", "official_primary_source_url": "https://www.tdhca.texas.gov/sites/default/files/mh/docs/1037.pdf", "additional_official_source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/OC/htm/OC.1201.htm", "baseline_synthesis_source_url": "https://singlefamily.fanniemae.com/media/document/pdf/titling-requirements-manufactured-homes", "evidence_tier": "✓", "research_date": "2026-07-25", "verification_note": "Checked against the current official state source(s) listed in this row on 2026-07-25. The row does not infer a fee, deadline, or reversal route that the reviewed source does not publish.", "normalized_pathway_class": "Functional real-property pathway without literal title surrender", "publish_readiness": "Publishable as of 2026-07-25" }, { "dataset_version": "2026-07-25", "jurisdiction_abbr": "UT", "jurisdiction": "Utah", "operative_status_as_of_2026_07_25": "Operative formal surrender-of-ownership-documents pathway", "pathway_category": "Formal statewide title/MCO surrender and county affidavit", "state_term_or_document": "Receipt of Surrender of Ownership Documents; Affidavit of Permanent Location (TC-672)", "title_or_ownership_document_action": "The owner surrenders the title/MCO to the Motor Vehicle Division, receives a surrender receipt, and records TC-672 with the county recorder/assessor.", "land_or_lease_eligibility": "Land ownership qualifies; specified financed leasehold structures may qualify under Utah law.", "state_agency": "Utah State Tax Commission, Motor Vehicle Division", "local_recording_or_approval_office": "County recorder and county assessor", "main_forms_or_documents": "Title/MCO; application for receipt of surrender; TC-672; lien releases; legal description; lease documents when applicable", "key_prerequisites": "Permanent attachment; qualifying land interest; lien resolution; state surrender receipt and county recordation.", "published_state_fee": "The official statewide conversion source reviewed for this version does not state a single conversion fee; title, recording, tax, inspection, or document charges may still apply.", "published_local_fee": "Local recording, certification, inspection, tax, and related charges are not included unless an official amount is stated in this row.", "filing_deadline_or_timing_rule": "The owner must apply for a surrender receipt within 45 days after attachment; after separation, the owner must apply for a title within 45 days and before transfer.", "legal_effect_after_completion": "The home is registered and conveyed as real property at its permanent location.", "severance_reversal_or_new_title": "A new title must be obtained within 45 days after separation and before transfer.", "pending_or_recent_change": "No enacted future change is incorporated into this dataset row as of July 25, 2026.", "primary_authority": "Utah Code §§ 41-1a-503, 41-1a-506; 70D-2-401", "official_primary_source_url": "https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title41/Chapter1A/C41-1a-P5_1800010118000101.pdf", "additional_official_source_url": "", "baseline_synthesis_source_url": "https://singlefamily.fanniemae.com/media/document/pdf/titling-requirements-manufactured-homes", "evidence_tier": "✓", "research_date": "2026-07-25", "verification_note": "Checked against the current official state source(s) listed in this row on 2026-07-25. The row does not infer a fee, deadline, or reversal route that the reviewed source does not publish.", "normalized_pathway_class": "Formal statewide surrender/cancellation/retirement/elimination pathway", "publish_readiness": "Publishable as of 2026-07-25" }, { "dataset_version": "2026-07-25", "jurisdiction_abbr": "VT", "jurisdiction": "Vermont", "operative_status_as_of_2026_07_25": "No dedicated operative title-surrender procedure; homes are not titled", "pathway_category": "No dedicated statewide pathway; deed/fixture recording", "state_term_or_document": "Warranty deed, mortgage/fixture filing, and municipal land records", "title_or_ownership_document_action": "Vermont does not title mobile homes and has no dedicated surrender procedure; a permanently sited home is documented through deed, mortgage, tax, and municipal land records.", "land_or_lease_eligibility": "Owner-occupied land qualifies for real-estate financing; a permanently sited home on leased land can be a homestead when the landowner consents and the leasehold is recorded.", "state_agency": "No manufactured-home title agency", "local_recording_or_approval_office": "Municipal clerk", "main_forms_or_documents": "Warranty deed or lease; mortgage or fixture filing; MCO or bill of sale; tax, installation, and municipal land-record documents as applicable", "key_prerequisites": "Permanent siting, landowner consent where leased, recorded land interest, and facts showing removal is unlikely.", "published_state_fee": "No manufactured-home title-surrender fee is published because this jurisdiction does not use a dedicated state title-surrender filing; recording, tax, or other charges may still apply.", "published_local_fee": "Local recording, certification, inspection, tax, and related charges are not included unless an official amount is stated in this row.", "filing_deadline_or_timing_rule": "No manufactured-home-specific surrender deadline applies because the jurisdiction does not use a dedicated statewide surrender filing.", "legal_effect_after_completion": "Real-property treatment is evidenced by permanent siting and real-estate documents rather than cancellation of a title.", "severance_reversal_or_new_title": "There is no canceled state title to reinstate under this pathway; removal and later ownership treatment follow the applicable property, recording, and ownership-document rules.", "pending_or_recent_change": "No enacted future change is incorporated into this dataset row as of July 25, 2026.", "primary_authority": "Vt. Stat. tit. 9, §§ 2602-2604; 1-3 Vt. Code R. § 106:1.9601(10)", "official_primary_source_url": "https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/09/063/02603", "additional_official_source_url": "https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/09/063/02604", "baseline_synthesis_source_url": "https://singlefamily.fanniemae.com/media/document/pdf/titling-requirements-manufactured-homes", "evidence_tier": "✓", "research_date": "2026-07-25", "verification_note": "Checked against the current official state source(s) listed in this row on 2026-07-25. The row does not infer a fee, deadline, or reversal route that the reviewed source does not publish.", "normalized_pathway_class": "No dedicated operative statewide pathway identified", "publish_readiness": "Publishable as of 2026-07-25" }, { "dataset_version": "2026-07-25", "jurisdiction_abbr": "VA", "jurisdiction": "Virginia", "operative_status_as_of_2026_07_25": "Operative formal title-cancellation and affidavit-of-affixation pathway", "pathway_category": "Formal statewide title cancellation", "state_term_or_document": "VSA 35; Circuit Court Affidavit of Affixation (CC-1560)", "title_or_ownership_document_action": "The owner submits VSA 35 to DMV for title cancellation and records the statutory Affidavit of Affixation in circuit-court land records.", "land_or_lease_eligibility": "The home must be permanently affixed and ownership/land-interest requirements under Virginia law must be met.", "state_agency": "Virginia Department of Motor Vehicles", "local_recording_or_approval_office": "Circuit court clerk", "main_forms_or_documents": "VSA 35; CC-1560; title/MCO; lien releases; legal description; foundation/installation evidence", "key_prerequisites": "Permanent affixation; ownership and lien resolution; DMV cancellation and circuit-court recordation.", "published_state_fee": "The official statewide conversion source reviewed for this version does not state a single conversion fee; title, recording, tax, inspection, or document charges may still apply.", "published_local_fee": "Local recording, certification, inspection, tax, and related charges are not included unless an official amount is stated in this row.", "filing_deadline_or_timing_rule": "The official statewide conversion source reviewed for this version does not impose one universal day-count for the complete transaction.", "legal_effect_after_completion": "The home is converted and conveyed/encumbered as real estate after completion.", "severance_reversal_or_new_title": "Va. Code § 46.2-653.1 provides the severance and new-title procedure.", "pending_or_recent_change": "No enacted future change is incorporated into this dataset row as of July 25, 2026.", "primary_authority": "Va. Code § 46.2-653.1", "official_primary_source_url": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title46.2/chapter6/section46.2-653.1/", "additional_official_source_url": "https://www.vacourts.gov/forms/circuit/cc1560.pdf", "baseline_synthesis_source_url": "https://singlefamily.fanniemae.com/media/document/pdf/titling-requirements-manufactured-homes", "evidence_tier": "✓", "research_date": "2026-07-25", "verification_note": "Checked against the current official state source(s) listed in this row on 2026-07-25. The row does not infer a fee, deadline, or reversal route that the reviewed source does not publish.", "normalized_pathway_class": "Formal statewide surrender/cancellation/retirement/elimination pathway", "publish_readiness": "Publishable as of 2026-07-25" }, { "dataset_version": "2026-07-25", "jurisdiction_abbr": "WA", "jurisdiction": "Washington", "operative_status_as_of_2026_07_25": "Operative formal title-elimination pathway", "pathway_category": "Formal statewide title elimination", "state_term_or_document": "Manufactured Home Application / title-elimination documents under RCW 65.20", "title_or_ownership_document_action": "The owner submits the title-elimination application through the county auditor and Department of Licensing; the county certifies land interest and affixation and records the documents.", "land_or_lease_eligibility": "Fee-simple ownership, a leasehold of at least 35 years, a real-estate contract, and qualifying resident-owned/cooperative arrangements under the 2025 expansion can qualify.", "state_agency": "Washington Department of Licensing", "local_recording_or_approval_office": "County auditor/recording office and county assessor/treasurer as applicable", "main_forms_or_documents": "Manufactured-home title-elimination application; title/MCO; land-interest certification; lien releases; legal description; county certification", "key_prerequisites": "Permanent affixation; qualifying land interest; taxes and liens addressed; county and DOL filings.", "published_state_fee": "$25 processing fee under WAC 308-56A-505, plus any other application, transfer, recording, or statutory fees triggered by the filing.", "published_local_fee": "Local recording, certification, inspection, tax, and related charges are not included unless an official amount is stated in this row.", "filing_deadline_or_timing_rule": "The title is deemed eliminated on the date the approved documents are recorded by the county auditor; RCW 65.20 does not impose one universal prefiling day-count.", "legal_effect_after_completion": "The title is eliminated and the home is treated as real property as though site-built.", "severance_reversal_or_new_title": "RCW 65.20.070 governs removal after title elimination and either reissuance of title or transfer to another qualifying site. The statute requires owner and lienholder consents and a title-insurance certification dated within 10 days of the application.", "pending_or_recent_change": "Chapter 32, Laws of 2025 (EHB 1191) took effect October 15, 2025 and amended RCW 65.20, including eligibility and removal/reissuance provisions. It is operative in this dataset.", "primary_authority": "Wash. Rev. Code ch. 65.20; Wash. Admin. Code ch. 308-56A", "official_primary_source_url": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=308-56a&full=true", "additional_official_source_url": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/rcw/default.aspx?cite=65.20&full=true", "baseline_synthesis_source_url": "https://singlefamily.fanniemae.com/media/document/pdf/titling-requirements-manufactured-homes", "evidence_tier": "✓", "research_date": "2026-07-25", "verification_note": "Checked against the current official state source(s) listed in this row on 2026-07-25. The row does not infer a fee, deadline, or reversal route that the reviewed source does not publish.", "normalized_pathway_class": "Formal statewide surrender/cancellation/retirement/elimination pathway", "publish_readiness": "Publishable as of 2026-07-25" }, { "dataset_version": "2026-07-25", "jurisdiction_abbr": "WV", "jurisdiction": "West Virginia", "operative_status_as_of_2026_07_25": "Operative formal title-cancellation pathway", "pathway_category": "Formal statewide title cancellation", "state_term_or_document": "Application for Cancellation of a Manufactured Home Certificate of Title (DMV-2-TR)", "title_or_ownership_document_action": "DMV cancels the title and sends the cancellation certificate to the county clerk for recording like a deed.", "land_or_lease_eligibility": "The home must be permanently affixed and satisfy the statutory land/ownership conditions.", "state_agency": "West Virginia Division of Motor Vehicles", "local_recording_or_approval_office": "County clerk", "main_forms_or_documents": "DMV-2-TR; title/MCO; lien releases; legal description; permanent-affixation and ownership evidence", "key_prerequisites": "Permanent affixation; title and lien resolution; DMV approval; county recording.", "published_state_fee": "$10 per certificate of title canceled under W. Va. Code § 17A-3-12b(a).", "published_local_fee": "Local recording, certification, inspection, tax, and related charges are not included unless an official amount is stated in this row.", "filing_deadline_or_timing_rule": "The official statewide conversion source reviewed for this version does not impose one universal day-count for the complete transaction.", "legal_effect_after_completion": "The home becomes an appurtenance to the real estate and may be transferred only with the real property.", "severance_reversal_or_new_title": "W. Va. Code § 17A-3-12b provides a severance and new-title route.", "pending_or_recent_change": "No enacted future change is incorporated into this dataset row as of July 25, 2026.", "primary_authority": "W. Va. Code § 17A-3-12b", "official_primary_source_url": "https://code.wvlegislature.gov/17A-3-12B/", "additional_official_source_url": "https://transportation.wv.gov/DMV/Vehicle-Services/Pages/Trailers-Mobile-Manufactured.aspx", "baseline_synthesis_source_url": "https://singlefamily.fanniemae.com/media/document/pdf/titling-requirements-manufactured-homes", "evidence_tier": "✓", "research_date": "2026-07-25", "verification_note": "Checked against the current official state source(s) listed in this row on 2026-07-25. The row does not infer a fee, deadline, or reversal route that the reviewed source does not publish.", "normalized_pathway_class": "Formal statewide surrender/cancellation/retirement/elimination pathway", "publish_readiness": "Publishable as of 2026-07-25" }, { "dataset_version": "2026-07-25", "jurisdiction_abbr": "WI", "jurisdiction": "Wisconsin", "operative_status_as_of_2026_07_25": "Operative formal title-surrender pathway", "pathway_category": "Formal statewide title surrender", "state_term_or_document": "Acknowledgement of Manufactured Home Title Surrender (SBD-3209)", "title_or_ownership_document_action": "The owner files the title-surrender acknowledgment through DSPS and records the notice in county land records to convert an affixed home to real property.", "land_or_lease_eligibility": "The cited Wisconsin provisions cover a home on land owned by the home owner and specified leasehold interests; the current DSPS surrender form and the recorded land interest control the filing.", "state_agency": "Wisconsin Department of Safety and Professional Services", "local_recording_or_approval_office": "County register of deeds", "main_forms_or_documents": "SBD-3209; title/ownership documents; recorded notice; lien releases; land or lease documents", "key_prerequisites": "Foundation/affixation; qualifying land interest; title and lien resolution; DSPS filing and county recordation.", "published_state_fee": "The official statewide conversion source reviewed for this version does not state a single conversion fee; title, recording, tax, inspection, or document charges may still apply.", "published_local_fee": "Local recording, certification, inspection, tax, and related charges are not included unless an official amount is stated in this row.", "filing_deadline_or_timing_rule": "The official statewide conversion source reviewed for this version does not impose one universal day-count for the complete transaction.", "legal_effect_after_completion": "The home is converted from titled personal property to real property.", "severance_reversal_or_new_title": "Wisconsin provides a title-restoration process through the Department of Safety and Professional Services after removal.", "pending_or_recent_change": "No enacted future change is incorporated into this dataset row as of July 25, 2026.", "primary_authority": "Wis. Stat. §§ 101.9203(4), 706.001(2)(c)", "official_primary_source_url": "https://dsps.wi.gov/Pages/Programs/MH/Default.aspx", "additional_official_source_url": "https://dsps.wi.gov/Documents/Programs/MH/SBD3209.pdf", "baseline_synthesis_source_url": "https://singlefamily.fanniemae.com/media/document/pdf/titling-requirements-manufactured-homes", "evidence_tier": "✓", "research_date": "2026-07-25", "verification_note": "Checked against the current official state source(s) listed in this row on 2026-07-25. The row does not infer a fee, deadline, or reversal route that the reviewed source does not publish.", "normalized_pathway_class": "Formal statewide surrender/cancellation/retirement/elimination pathway", "publish_readiness": "Publishable as of 2026-07-25" }, { "dataset_version": "2026-07-25", "jurisdiction_abbr": "WY", "jurisdiction": "Wyoming", "operative_status_as_of_2026_07_25": "Operative formal title-cancellation/affidavit pathway", "pathway_category": "Formal statewide title cancellation", "state_term_or_document": "Mobile & Manufactured Home Affidavit (MV-303)", "title_or_ownership_document_action": "The county clerk processes the affidavit and title/MCO surrender so the home is recorded/taxed as real property.", "land_or_lease_eligibility": "Permanent foundation and real-property taxation are required; when land and home ownership differ, the landowner must acknowledge the placement/affixation.", "state_agency": "Wyoming Department of Transportation / county clerk", "local_recording_or_approval_office": "County clerk and county assessor", "main_forms_or_documents": "MV-303; title/MCO; tax/assessor certification; legal description; lien releases; landowner acknowledgment when needed", "key_prerequisites": "Permanent foundation; real-property tax treatment; ownership/landowner acknowledgment; liens resolved; county recording.", "published_state_fee": "The official statewide conversion source reviewed for this version does not state a single conversion fee; title, recording, tax, inspection, or document charges may still apply.", "published_local_fee": "Local recording, certification, inspection, tax, and related charges are not included unless an official amount is stated in this row.", "filing_deadline_or_timing_rule": "The official statewide conversion source reviewed for this version does not impose one universal day-count for the complete transaction.", "legal_effect_after_completion": "The title is canceled and the home is treated as real property.", "severance_reversal_or_new_title": "Wyo. Stat. § 31-2-502 provides for a new title after the home is detached and the statutory conditions are met.", "pending_or_recent_change": "No enacted future change is incorporated into this dataset row as of July 25, 2026.", "primary_authority": "Wyo. Stat. § 31-2-502", "official_primary_source_url": "https://wyoleg.gov/statutes/compress/title31.pdf", "additional_official_source_url": "https://www.dot.state.wy.us/files/live/sites/wydot/files/shared/Motor%20Vehicle%20Services/Forms/MV-303.pdf", "baseline_synthesis_source_url": "https://singlefamily.fanniemae.com/media/document/pdf/titling-requirements-manufactured-homes", "evidence_tier": "✓", "research_date": "2026-07-25", "verification_note": "Checked against the current official state source(s) listed in this row on 2026-07-25. The row does not infer a fee, deadline, or reversal route that the reviewed source does not publish.", "normalized_pathway_class": "Formal statewide surrender/cancellation/retirement/elimination pathway", "publish_readiness": "Publishable as of 2026-07-25" } ] }